高光谱技术在农业遥感中的应用

高光谱技术是一个非常有利于农业行业发展的技术，该技术在农业遥感中有着非常重要的作用。虽然效果较好，但是在应用的过程中也仍然存在着一些的问题。首先对高光谱技术在农业遥感中的应用进行了分析，其次阐述了高光谱技术在农业遥感应用中存在的问题，最后提出了一些有效的解决措施，旨在提升高光谱技术的应用质量，促进农业遥感的发展。      

Substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch improves the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon in a double-rice cropping system

The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch(Mv). We conducted a 10-year(2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application(22.5 Mg ha~(–1)). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination(sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80(by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index(SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input(22.5 Mg ha~(–1)), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate(with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%),whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers(e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China.     

黄果厚壳桂人工林生长规律与林分更新特征分析

[目的]了解黄果厚壳桂人工林生长规律及林分更新特征,为其人工林栽培和生态公益林改造提供参考依据.[方法]采用树干解析法对36年生黄果厚壳桂人工林解析木胸径、树高及材积生长量进行测量,绘制生长曲线,分析其生长规律;采用样地调查法测量林下更新幼苗的密度、地径和苗高,并进行苗高分级,分析黄果厚壳桂人工林林分的更新特征.[结果]36年生黄果厚壳桂人工林胸径、树高和单株材积分别为18.82 cm、17.53 m和0.180 m3.胸径和树高在第0~6年生长缓慢,胸径生长快速期在第6~11年,生长量为0.73~0.92 cm/年;树高生长快速期在第7~19年,生长量为0.60~0.97 m/年;材积生长较缓慢,36年生材积平均生长量仅0.005 m3/年,最高连年生长量为0.012 m3/年.人工林林下更新幼苗丰富,苗木平均密度为25.25株/m2,其中以1~2龄苗木为主,占更新幼苗总数的82.43%,3龄及以上各龄级幼苗数量分别占更新幼苗总数的0.74%~3.50%.高度级在Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级(苗高20 cm以下)苗木占更新幼苗总数的81.20%,Ⅲ级及以上等级的幼苗数量占更新幼苗总数的0.74%~7.67%.苗龄3年以上或苗高20 cm以上苗木存活概率高.[结论]黄果厚壳桂人工林生长较缓慢,特别是材积生长慢及生长周期长,在一定程度上影响其作为常规用材林进行培育,但其人工林林下自然更新状况良好,林下苗木储备充足,可作为当前生态公益林营造和短周期轮伐树种生态公益改造的优良替代树种.     

感光型优质稻元优919在明溪种植表现及高产栽培技术

元优919是用元丰A与福恢919配制的优质三系感光杂交稻新品种,2015年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2015—2016年在明溪县盖洋镇试种,表现出米质优、产量高、适应性广、抗倒伏等特点。总结了元优919在明溪县盖洋镇作一季中稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

微流控芯片在农产品安全检测中的应用

近年来,随着食品工业的迅猛发展,国内外食品安全事故也频繁发生。开发安全可靠、便携有效的检测方法对食品安全至关重要。微流控芯片集样品前处理、分离和检测等过程为一体,实现了样品前处理和检测分析的自动化、集成化、小型化、低消耗、高效率和便携化,满足了现场、实时检测的需求。本研究对微流控芯片在食品成分、农药残留、兽药残留、食品添加剂和重金属检测中的应用进行归纳总结,为农产品安全检测提供参考。     

火龙果节律钟输出基因HpGI的克隆与表达分析

节律钟输出基因GIGANTEA通过光周期途径促进植物开花,为研究火龙果GIGANTEA同源基因功能,应用RT-PCR克隆获得该基因的开放阅读框序列,命名为Hylocereus polyrhizus GIGANTEA (HpGI),GenBank登录号为MK609546。序列分析结果表明,HpGI开放阅读框长度为3537 bp,编码1178个氨基酸。系统进化分析显示,HpGI与甜菜BvGI、菠菜SoGI、丝石竹GpGI的分子进化距离较近。预测HpGI定位于细胞核,无信号肽和跨膜螺旋结构域,属于非分泌蛋白。基因表达分析结果表明,HpGI基因在茎和花芽中的表达量显著高于茎芽、果皮和根;相比对照,延长光周期处理8 d时,其表达量显著上调。推测HpGI基因可能通过光周期途径促进火龙果开花。     

有棱丝瓜的氮、磷、钾适用量研究

丝瓜是华南地区重要瓜类蔬菜品种,为获得其合理的氮、磷、钾肥施用量,拟通过珠江三角洲3个代表性蔬菜基地开展丝瓜氮、磷、钾肥效田间试验,获得肥料效应方程,求取最佳施肥量。试验结果表明,丝瓜获得高产和高效益要求氮、磷、钾合理配施;佛山、江门、广州3个试验点的理论施肥量N分别为15.0、23.0、12.5 kg/667 m^2;P2O5分别为11.0、11.0、8.0 kg/667 m^2;K2O分别为16.0、17.0、13.0 kg/667 m^2;氮、磷、钾肥施用量与试验地土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量有关,也与该地区产量水平的高低有关;一元二次效应方程中,3个试验点均是N效应的显著度相对最高;二元二次效应方程中,NP和NK效应的显著度较高,PK效应的显著度较低,说明氮素用量对丝瓜产量的影响大于磷素和钾素;3个试验点的三元二次效应方程中有2个达到极显著水平,说明试验结果基本可信。     

土地权利、经济收入与农户农业生产行为激励—以四川什邡和新疆生产建设兵团的对比分析为例

在农户收入多元化背景下，以实地调研问卷为基础，对比分析四川和新疆农户将劳动力投入农业生产的差异，并运用多元回归模型进行实证分析。研究发现：随着市场经济的不断深化，农户家庭自身拥有了更大的经营自主权，随着农业经济收入在总收入中所占比重的不断下降，导致土地产出对于农户的重要性程度下降，进一步使得土地产权激励作用下降，是农业生产出现徘徊的根本原因。因此通过降低务农和外出务工的劳动力边际收入差，农户倾向于将更多的生产要素投入农业生产。     

Determination and Correlation Analysis on the Egg Quality of Egg-laying Ducks Reared in Cages and on Floor

The purpose of this test was to evaluate the egg quality from two breeds of ducks reared in cages and on floor.30 eggs were chosen from each type of eggs,which were from Jinding (green shell) and Shan Partridge ducks (white shell)at 40 weeks-old reared in cages and on floor for egg quality evaluation.The results showed that the egg weight of caged duck was extremely significantly larger than the floor duck (P<0.01) in the same breed,there were very significant positive correlations between the egg weight and eggshell weight,egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),but no significant difference among the egg yolk weights of different types of ducks (P>0.05).The shell strength of green egg was obviously higher than that of white shell eggs (P<0.05),and the shell strength of green egg from caged ducks was higher than that of the green egg ducks on floor.The correlation coefficients of the egg specific gravity and eggshell thickness,the specific gravity and eggshell strength were 0.503 (P<0.01) and 0.536 (P<0.01) respectively.Haugh units of four types of ducks all reached 72 or more.Although there was significant positive correlation between egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),significant negative correlation was existed between egg-white weight and egg yolk ratio (P<0.01).There were significant negative correlations between egg specific gravity and egg yolk weight (P<0.05) and egg yolk ratio (P<0.05).In conclusion,the mode of cage feeding and the breed with green shell were appropriate choices in laying-egg duck production for high egg quality.     

核心力量训练对普通高校非专业运动员预防运动损伤的研究*

为了了解核心力量训练对普通非专业运动员预防运动损伤的作用，采用独立样本T检验(Independent Samples T Test)对实验组和对照组的FMS功能性测试成绩进行统计分析，实验结果显示核心力量训练对普通高校非专业运动员的平衡、稳定、协调能力有良好的促进作用；为四肢的运动传递能量，促使躯体保持平衡，提高身体在不稳定的状态下平衡稳定能力，减少运动损伤的发生机率，是一项简单易操作的训练手段。