烟-稻复种连作对红壤性水稻土团聚体组成及稳定性的影响

红壤性水稻土面临土壤结构退化、土壤养分失衡和酸化等土壤质量问题,制约农业生产和农民增收。本文以南方红壤丘陵区植烟的红壤性水稻土为对象,采用时空替代法、相关及冗余分析等技术方法,研究了烟-稻复种连作(YDLZ)对红壤性水稻土团聚体及其稳定性变化的影响及其关键影响因素。YDLZ后的红壤性水稻土>5 mm团聚体含量、土壤团聚体重量平均直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均显著降低,<0.25 mm团聚体含量和分形维数(D)则显著升高,土壤团聚体稳定性降低;且以YDLZ 5～10年(YDLZ5～10)对土壤团聚体粒径分布及稳定性影响最大。相关及冗余分析表明,土壤有机质和粘粒含量是引起团聚体分布的关键指标;>5 mm和<0.25 mm的团聚体含量是引起团聚体稳定性变化的关键指标。烟-稻复种连作引起红壤性水稻土有机质和粘粒含量变化,主要导致>5 mm团聚体含量的减少,<0.25 mm团聚体含量增加,从而土壤团聚体稳定性降低。针对YDLZ的红壤性水稻土结构培育和土壤质量保育,需关注土壤有机质及粘粒含量的变化。     

早籼稻品种更替过程中农艺性状的演变特征

以南方稻区品种更替过程中大面积推广的18个早籼稻代表品种为材料,按高秆品种、矮秆品种、矮抗品种、优超品种4个演变阶段,采用常规栽培方法研究其农艺性状的演变特征。结果表明,随着品种的演变,产量、收获指数、每穗粒数均有提高;有效穗、结实率、千粒重变化不大。进一步分析表明,每穗粒数的增加是着粒密度改良所致。农艺性状与年代的回归分析表明,生物量与株高在1980年后有增加的趋势,生育期有缩短的趋势。相关分析表明,决定早籼稻产量的农艺性状为生物量、株高、收获指数和每穗粒数。     

国审高产夏大豆新品种桂夏豆2号的选育

桂夏豆2号是以桂早一号(矮脚早×北京豆)为母本,巴西13为父本有性杂交育成的夏大豆新品种,该品种区域试验平均产量2 855.25 kg/hm2,较对照埂青82增产30.25%,生产试验平均产量2 800.95 kg/hm2,较对照埂青82增产38.33%,蛋白质含量41.67%,油分含量19.08%,耐低磷、耐酸铝能力较强.适宜在广东、广西、海南、福建和江西南部地区夏播种植.2006年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定.     

利用分子标记辅助选择聚合Pi-1和Pi-2基因改良两系不育系稻瘟病抗性

以含广谱稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-1和Pi-2的BL122为供体, 温敏核不育系GD-7S为受体, 通过杂交、回交和自交并结合分子标记辅助选择, 将Pi-1、Pi-2基因导入温敏核不育系GD-7S中, 获得5个携带两个抗性基因的纯合改良不育株系。利用34个广东代表性稻瘟病菌株接种鉴定, 5个改良株系的抗性频率为94.12%~97.06%, 而对照GD-7S抗性频率仅为17.65%; 自然病圃诱发鉴定5个改良株系的叶瘟和穗颈瘟均为0级, 表现高抗。经自然条件和人工气候箱育性鉴定, 改良株系与对照均为无或少花粉败育类型, 自交结实率为0, 说明不育起点温度与对照基本一致。统计分析表明, 除剑叶长和每株穗数外, 改良株系与对照在其他农艺性状方面均无显著差异。与恢复系L38杂交, 改良株系的杂种F1与对照的F1大多农艺性状无显著差异, 说明改良株系基本保持了GD-7S的农艺性状和配合力。     

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季稻田土壤钾素表观平衡的互作效应

土壤酸化和钾素亏缺是制约南方酸性稻田生产力持续提升的重要因素。施石灰和秸秆还田分别是改良土壤酸化和补充钾素的有效措施,但二者对土壤钾素盈亏平衡的互作效应还不甚清楚。于2015—2018年,在江西省上高县开展施石灰和秸秆还田两因素田间定位试验,共设置4个处理:(1)秸秆不还田,不施石灰;(2)秸秆不还田,仅2015年施一次石灰;(3)每季秸秆全量还田,不施石灰;(4)每季秸秆全量还田,仅2015年施一次石灰。结果表明,秸秆还田显著提高了水稻钾素吸收,施石灰仅显著增加了2016年晚稻钾素吸收。施石灰和秸秆还田仅对2016年晚稻钾素吸收有显著正向互作效应。在秸秆还田下,施石灰使2016年晚稻钾素吸收增加了25.7%;而在秸秆不还田下无显著影响。试验进行4年后,施石灰和秸秆还田对土壤全钾含量无显著影响。但4年土壤钾素表观平衡估算表明,在秸秆还田下土壤总累积钾素表观平衡表现为盈余,秸秆不还田下则为亏缺,而施石灰对其无显著影响。施石灰和秸秆还田对土壤总累积钾素表观平衡有显著的互作效应。在施石灰和不施石灰条件下,秸秆还田分别使土壤累积钾素平均表观盈余19.5 kg hm^–2 a...     

Distribution of trust model in P2P network based on equilibrium theory

There are a large number of malicious attack nodes and collusion groups in P2P(peer to peer) network, and the existing trust models improve the P2P network environment to some extent, but the emphasis of the models are different, which are unable to fully solve large-scale malicious attacks and deception. Therefore, a P2P trust model based on equilibrium theory is presented. The model consists of the construction of the trust structure, the malicious node detection and trust speculation. It constructs trust network according to the equilibrium theory, uses the equilibrium theory to define nodes balance factor, detects balance malicious nodes by calculating the impact of malicious behavior on the network, and adopts trust inference algorithm to estimate trust nodes to prevent distrust network nodes being added. Experimental results show that the model is reliable, and the algorithm is efficient and robust.     

Experiment on Activation of Black Soil by Electro-hydraulic Impulse

The activation of black soil (analog the lignite) by electro-hydraulic impulse is proposed. The abundant insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other organic elements in black soil are activated as the green fertilizer by this way. The new method is provided for activating sludge produced by treating wastewater. For several kinds of black soil, the experiment result indicates that electro-hydraulic impulse increases the percentage of absorbable nitrogen by 1 to 4 times and the percentage of insoluble organic elements by 4 times, which is a valuable reference to sludge treatment.     

Experiment and FEM Analysis on the Joint of Inserted Steel Beam

A new composite structure which is composed of steel beam and concrete girder is introduced in fuel electric plant construction. With different height of concrete girders with or without anchor bar, two scale models from an actual project were designed and tested. It is shown that the maximum restraining moment of ends of steel beams is approximately 60kN*m; influence of anchor bar is little; the one with 600mm high concrete beam is damaged by shear, and the others steel beam is damaged by bending failure. Finite element models were built for supplementary analysis, and the result indicates that critical value of the height of concrete beam of different failure modes is 700mm; stiffness of shear key and thickness of floor have great influence on the structure; size of anchor bar has little influence; and width of the end of the steel beam has certain influence.     

Design of nondestructive test system for plasma clots

One of the most important measures that are used to guarantee blood transfusion safety is to detect clots in the plasma before transfusion. To overcome the disadvantages of manual detection method, this research designs a nondestructive testing (NDT) system for plasma clots inspection based on machine vision technique and artificial neural networks. The key technology for system design are studied and presented. Image acquisition is performed by custom-designed software based on MATLAB platform, and the methods of image cut, reverse color, median filter as well as gray cutting are adopted to preprocess image. The use of fisher discrimination method, combined with iterative threshold segmentation method and the selection of connected domain, can successfully eliminate the interference of air bubble and correctly extract the image of plasma clots. Plasma clots are discriminated by a recognition model based on artificial neural network BP algorithms. The results of clinical contrast experiment shows that the system can effectively detect whether plasma contains plasma clots and the new system shows a much higher degree of repeatability and stability. From the image acquisition and processing to the recognition of plasma clots, the detecting time of a sample is no more than 1 min.     

基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响

为揭示冬小麦产量形成与干物质积累的定量关系,2009—2011年利用3个田间试验建立了不同播种期、基本苗、底肥用量、追氮时期和用量、冬前灌水量、返青后灌水量和灌水时期等的冬小麦群体,分析了冬小麦干物质积累过程特征对产量及其构成因素的影响机制和定量关系。冬前干物质积累特征用单株干物重和冬前茎蘖数来表示,越冬后特征由基于相对积温(R_GDDi)的Logistic曲线特征来描述。结果表明,群体干物质积累最大速率、干物质积累速率的2个拐点等特征量与产量及其构成因子有紧密的联系,所建立的关系模型均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。对有关模型进一步用独立样本进行配对t-检验,结果模拟值与实际值差异不显著(P>0.05)。基于相对积温(R_GDDi)的Logistic模型不仅能较好地描述小麦冬后干物质积累过程,而且其曲线特征也能用于分析冬小麦产量及其构成因素的形成规律,以此为基础的产量关系方程可用于冬小麦生产群体调控的理论分析。