紫花苜蓿GDP解离抑制蛋白基因cDNA的克隆、分析及烟草转化

采用RT-PCR方法,克隆得到紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)GDP解离抑制蛋白基因cDNA核心区域序列,命名为MsGDI1。序列分析结果表明,该cDNA核心区域全长1575 bp,包含一个1332 bp的最大开放阅读框,编码444个氨基酸。半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,在盐胁迫和铝胁迫条件下,MsGDI1基因的表达随着胁迫时间的增加而上升,该基因可能与紫花苜蓿抗盐耐铝机理有关。借助于新构建的该基因超表达载体,用农杆菌介导方法转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)。转基因烟草植株PCR检测的结果表明,MsGDI1基因已经成功插入到烟草基因组中,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

Effect of dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth performance,body composition,nutrient utilization and hepatic enzymes activities of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Six isonitrogenous (390 g kg^?1) and isoenergetic (16.2 kJ g^?1) diets with varying carbohydrate : lipid (CHO : L) ratios (202.5–1.74), were fed to triplicate groups of 25 fish in indoor recirculation system. Over 8‐week‐growth trial, best weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein production value (P < 0.05) were observed in fish‐fed diets with CHO : L ratio of 7.5. Fish fed either the lowest (1.7) or highest (202.5) CHO : L ratio tended to produce lower (P < 0.05) growth and feed conversion efficiencies. The values of viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio increased as dietary CHO : L ratios decreased. There were no significant differences in whole body and liver crude protein among dietary treatments. Whole body and liver lipid increased as CHO : L ratios decreased. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels increased linearly as dietary CHO : L ratios decreased. Activities of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase were stimulated by elevated levels of dietary carbohydrate; however, activities of lipase (LPS) and alkaline phosphatase were stimulated by elevated levels of dietary lipid. Based on a second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG against dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels, 275 g kg^?1 of carbohydrate and 59 g kg^?1 of lipid, corresponding to a CHO : L ratio of 4.7, in a diet holding 390 g kg^?1 of crude protein and 16.3 kJ g^?1 of gross energy, proved to be optimal for grass carp. These results indicated that utilization of dietary lipid and carbohydrate was moderate in grass carp, but the fish were a little more capable of utilizing lipid compared with carbohydrate.     

锦鲤源铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对从发病锦鲤分离出的病原菌主要形态与生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列及耐药特性等进行了研究,旨在为锦鲤疾病防治提供理论依据,对铜绿假单胞菌的进一步研究提供基本资料。发病锦鲤体长37~42 cm,体重1.5~2.0kg,眼球脓肿凸出,鳃丝被轻微腐蚀,其上可见附着物,肛门红肿并伴有黄色粘液流出。健康锦鲤体长7~10cm,体重(25±3)g。分离到的1株形态一致优势生长菌株（记为HL2）呈现圆形光滑、边缘整齐、中央隆起、略透明、乳白色,直径约1.4mm。分离菌经革兰氏染色镜检,均为革兰氏阴性、短杆状。肌肉注射感染后,供试健康锦鲤14d内全部死亡,并在试验后期注射部位轻微出血,眼球周边有白浊及化脓的现象。HL2有运动性,精氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸双水解酶阳性,苯丙氨酸脱羧酶阴性,发酵麦芽糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、半乳糖等,不发酵侧金盏花醇与阿拉伯糖等。分离株HL2的序列长度为1461bp(GenBank登录号为KF413420),在系统发育树上与铜绿假单胞菌（KC959478）聚为一支。头孢曲松、卡那霉素、四环素等35种药物有效抑制HL2,庆大霉素、强力霉素、头孢拉定等5种药物具有一定的抑菌作用,青霉素G、氨苄西林、头孢唑林等15种药物无效。使用抗生素时必须更加科学、合理、有效;从药物选择、使用剂量、用药疗程等方面着手,以减少耐药菌株的产生。     

甘蔗家系配合力研究与应用

采用100个甘蔗亲本配制了144个杂交组合,分析其有性世代主要农艺性状、田间锤度、蔗糖分配合力,次年参照常规选育方法选择宿根杂种优良株系。结果表明:早熟组合前7名均为以桂糖与CP为亲本的组合,以ROC22作为父本易得到植株较高和较高糖分的F1;在小区含糖量组合配合力前30名的组合中,小区含糖量组合配合力与小区含糖量的特殊配合力和父本的一般配合力呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.67和0.44。     

马齿苋提取物对枸杞蚜虫毒杀和拒食活性的研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment studied on insecticidal and antifeedant action of on Portulaca oleracea L.to provide theoretical basis for developing a new botanical insecticide by taking Portulaca oleracea L.as a raw material.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water from Portulaca oleracea L..against Aphis sp.was studied;Leaves are using drug treatments of 5 extracts anti-feedant activity of Aphis sp.[Result] The results showed that 95% ethanol extract displayed high contact activity to Aphis sp.The corrected mortality after 48 h reached 95.4 % under the concentration of 50.00 mg·ml-1 and the insecticidal activities of 5 extracts against Aphis sp.was in the order that petroleum ether > chloroform > n-butanol > ethyl acetate >water.Five kinds of anti-feeding activity in the extract of the order for the water> ethyl acetate> n-butanol > chloroform >petroleum ether.[Conclusion] The extract from Portulaca oleracea L.has a strong contact toxicity of pesticide active on Aphis sp.substances and for a small polar compounds,the strong anti-feeding activity is a kind of larger polar compounds.     

基于四分图模型的土地整理农民满意度评价——以江苏省涟水县为例

以江苏省涟水县为例,选取影响土地整理农民满意度的20项指标,通过问卷调查分析多指标的重要程度和农民的满意程度,运用四分图模型评价土地整理农民满意度。结果表明:农民对土地整理总体满意,其中对土地整理后的生活水平改善情况较为满意,对项目实施后的管护工作和基层干部的工作则普遍不满意。     

微囊藻毒素对鱼类组织器官的毒理学研究进展

自从1878年澳大利亚学者George Francis首次报道有毒蓝藻的爆发以来,蓝藻水华现象已成为全球关注的环境问题之一[1].有毒蓝藻产生的微囊藻毒素(Microcystin,简称MCs),是淡水水体中存在最为普遍、毒性最强的毒素.已发现MCs可在无脊椎动物和脊椎动物中积累,引起很多器官的损伤[2].     

鱼类解偶联蛋白（UCP）基因研究新进展

通过生理性解偶联调节氧化磷酸化效率可能是进化早期发展起来的一种普遍策略,对生命的存在至关重要. 解偶联蛋白（uncoupling protein,UCP）家族是位于线粒体内膜的转运蛋白,哺乳动物基因组中已发现5个成员,其中UCP1~UCP3紧密相关,而UCP4和UCP5（即BMCP1,brain mitochondrial carrier protein-1）与它们差异较大. UCP1~UCP4不仅在哺乳类、鸟类等恒温脊椎动物中普遍存在,而且在鱼类等变温动物中也被证实存在,但UCP5目前仅在哺乳类中被发现. 哺乳动物褐色脂肪组织的UCP1,介导呼吸链产生的质子梯度泄漏,使氧化产生的能量以热的形式散发,但鱼类等变温动物UCP1的功能尚待进一步研究确立. UCP2和UCP3在产热、控制活性氧生成、脂肪酸氧化以及肥胖、糖尿病的发生中均发挥重要作用,二者的转录调节较复杂. UCP4和UCP5与其他UCP关系较远,UCP4仅在脑中表达,而UCP5在脑中高表达,它们的功能还不十分明确,但研究表明很可能与UCP2和UCP3的功能相似.     

Influence of larval co-feeding with live and inert diets on weaning the tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis

The tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, an inshore fish in China, has showed great potential in aquaculture recently. However, poor survival was recorded during the period of weaning from live Artemia to artificial diets. In this paper, the influence of co‐feeding larvae with live and inert diet on weaning performance was described. The C. semilaevis larvae were reared at 21 ± 1 °C and fed four different feeding regimes from 6 days post‐hatching (dph): A, Artemia (10 individuals mL^?1); B, Artemia (5 individuals mL^?1); C, mixed diet (10 Artemia individuals mL^?1 and 12 mg L^?1 inert diet); and D, mixed diet (5 Artemia individuals mL^?1 and 12 mg L^?1 inert diet). Rotifers were also supplied in all cases during the first days of feeding. Mixed diets of commercial formulated feed and live prey (rotifers and Artemia) allowed larvae to complete metamorphosis, achieving similar specific growth rate (SGR) (18.5 ± 1.4% and 18.7 ± 1.6%) and survival (40 ± 7.6% and 48.5 ± 6.8%) compared with larvae fed on live feed alone (SGR of 18.3 ± 1.2%, 19.3 ± 1.9% and survival of 41.2 ± 11.3%, 38 ± 4.9%). However, in metamorphosed fish, when live feed was withdrawn on 31 dph, there was significant difference (P < 0.05) in survival and growth among treatments. Metamorphosed fish, previously fed mixture diets during larval stages, had similar survival (62.1 ± 7.6% and 62.8 ± 3.9% for regimes C and D, respectively) but higher than that obtained for fish that previously fed on live feed (49.3 ± 2% and 42.1 ± 3.9% for regimes A and B, respectively) after weaning (day 60). The SGR of weaned fish previously fed live feed was similar (3.1 ± 0.6% and 2.92 ± 0.6% for regimes A and B, respectively) but lower than that recorded for fish that was fed from day 6 to day 30 on the mixed diet (4.5 ± 1.1% and 4.9 ± 0.3% for regimes C and D, respectively). It is suggested that weaning of C. semilaevis from early development would appear to be feasible and larval co‐feeding improves growth and survival.     

多肋藻夏苗培育及养殖技术

采用种质库内保存的多肋藻[Costaria costata(C.Agardh)Saunders]雌雄配子体,进行扩增培养,然后利用雌雄配子体进行人工苗种繁育,并在自然海区进行栽培。2015年8月3日开始育苗,经过75d培育,多肋藻幼苗生长至0.83cm,出库下海暂养。下海后,经过40d生长,幼苗生长至平均长度约25cm,开始分苗养殖,分苗后每隔25~30d观测藻体长度和宽度生长变化,并同步监测海水温度。至2016年4月20日观测到多肋藻平均长度达到最大值,约228.3cm,此时海水温度约9.4℃,藻体平均宽度约29.3cm,平均鲜重量约528.4g,平均干重约79.7g,鲜干比约6.6。得出结论:多肋藻适合在我国北方海区进行人工育苗并养殖,最佳收获期在4月下旬前后。