猪细小病毒CG-05株在ST细胞上的增殖规律研究

通过将猪细小病毒CG-05株同步接种于ST细胞,测定不同时间收获的病毒液的TCID50和HA,研究了CG-05株病毒在ST细胞上的增殖规律。病毒接种后镜检观察接毒细胞,在接种病毒后24 h,即可在细胞较少的区域看到非常轻微的病变。测定病毒TCID50,检测到接毒后培养17h病毒已经明显增殖;当培养到40h左右,其TCID50即接近高峰,达到10-7.2/0.1mL以上,并进入平台期;继续培养,TCID50最高可达到10-8.5/0.1mL,且直到122 h也不见明显降低。病毒HA价也出现同样的平台期,但比TCID50的平台期出现得晚,到50 h才进入平台期。结果表明,用ST细胞培养CG-05株病毒,接种病毒培养56～96 h后,如病变达到80%以上,且细胞脱落已形成20%以上空斑,此时收获病毒可获得高效价的病毒液。该研究可为制备高效价的PPV病毒抗原提供数据资料。     

精料补充料能量水平对摩杂一代奶水牛泌乳量以及奶质量的影响

[目的]为了探索精料补充料能量水平对摩杂一代奶水牛泌乳量及奶质量的影响.[方法]选择体重、泌乳期、产奶量等遗传基础相近的健康的摩杂一代泌乳水牛24头,随机分为2组,每组12头,分别为高能精料组和低能精料组,高能精料组和低能精料组所用精料的产奶净能分别为7.05 MJ/kg,6.61 MJ/kg(牛场常规使用的精料).[结果]表明,在150 d的试验期内:(1)高能精料组奶水牛的平均产奶量为848.19±18.21 kg,低能精料组为750.49±19.35 kg,高能精料组比低能精料组奶水牛的平均产奶量提高了13.0%,差异显著(P＜0.05);(2)高能精料组比低能精料组奶水牛产后能较快进入相对高的产奶水平,并且在产奶高峰期后泌乳量的降低比较平稳,而低能精料组在高峰期后泌乳量的降低比较急,且波动较大;(3)高能精料组乳脂率为7.68±0.31%,低能精料组为7.31±0.48%,高能精料组比低能精料组乳脂率提高了5.0%,差异显著(P＜0.05).[结论]较高能量的精料补充料有利于泌乳水牛的产奶及提高乳脂的含量.     

血小板源性生长因子(PDGF-BB)促进山羊骨髓间充质干细胞向平滑肌细胞分化

将血小板源性生长因子(PDGF-BB)作用于骨髓间充质细胞,分别于5、7d后用抗α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)单克隆抗体进行免疫组化分析,定量RT-PCR检测α-SMA mRNA的表达,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构。免疫组化结果显示,PDGF-BB诱导组表达α-SMA的细胞数约为95%,而对照组表达α-SMA的细胞数约为5%。免疫组化图象分析结果显示,5、7d PDGF-BB诱导组抗α-SMA着色平均灰度值小于对照组。RT-PCR结果显示,PDGF-BB诱导组有α-SMA mRNA表达,而对照组则没有。透射电镜显示,骨髓间充质细胞经过诱导后细胞浆内出现肌丝样结构。结果表明,PDGF-BB可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞向平滑肌细胞分化。     

寄生虫基因组研究进展

基因组测序计划以及有关的转录组和蛋白质组图谱计划已经给寄生虫学的研究带来了一场革命。随着越来越多种类的寄生虫基因组序列被测定,通过系统的比较和分析基因的序列使得预测基因和功能验证的准确性越来越高,也为人们认知寄生虫的生物学特征、为人类和兽医筛选新的候选疫苗和药物靶标提供了重要数据。本文就寄生虫基因组研究进展作一简单综述。     

Egg trait variation in a large hawk‐cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides) host population of Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus)

Mutual interaction between brood parasites and their hosts is a well‐known model system for studying host–parasite coevolution. Both parties have acted reciprocally, resembling an evolutionary arms race, in which adaptations and counter‐adaptations have evolved as a result of host–parasite dynamics, such as the classical cuckoo–host system. Discrimination among parasite and cuckoo eggs and rejection of foreign eggs is regarded as an important anti‐parasitism strategy. The Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus) is a large hawk‐cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides) host distributed in southwest China. A previous study shows that the babax is an intermediate egg rejector, and most cuckoo eggs are accepted by the Chinese babax, although a small proportion of hosts reject cuckoo eggs. Interestingly, the large hawk‐cuckoo lays non‐mimetic eggs in contrast to the uniform blue eggs of babaxes. Because egg coloration is a critical cue used by host species in favor of the recognition of parasitic eggs by hosts, we used a spectrometer to quantify egg color variation to understand the differentiation in discrimination ability between the egg rejectors and acceptors. We found that the chroma of intra‐clutch variation of babax eggs was more consistent in egg rejectors than in acceptors. However, no statistical significance was found in inter‐clutch variation between these two types of hosts. Our results suggest that hosts lay eggs with a low level of intra‐clutch variation without the necessity of a high level of inter‐clutch variation simultaneously as predicted by the egg signature hypothesis. This study may further indicate that selection pressures from evolutionarily recent parasites can drive individual‐based differences in an anti‐parasitism strategy.     

猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备

本研究利用已构建的基因工程重组菌表达猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)ORF2编码的Cap蛋白,纯化后作为免疫原,免疫8周龄BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合。经间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)筛选及有限稀释法进行3次亚克隆后,本试验最终获得5株稳定分泌抗PCV2 Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为3D12、4D5、4B9、4C9和4G10。其中4D5为IgG2b亚型,其余4株单克隆抗体均为IgG1亚型,轻链类型均为κ。Western blotting鉴定结果表明获得的5株单克隆抗体均不能特异性的识别47 ku重组PCV2 Cap蛋白;对病毒感染细胞进行IFA试验,结果显示5株单克隆抗体均特异性的识别病毒抗原,表明5株单克隆抗体识别的抗原表位均为构象表位。中和试验结果表明,5株单克隆抗体均有中和活性。本试验结果为进一步探索ORF2基因的结构、功能及建立快速准确的诊断方法奠定了基础。     

大肠杆菌耐药基因定位及耐药质粒消除

对采集的9株野生型大肠杆菌在药敏试验的基础上,进行了耐药基因定位。结果表明,4个菌株的氨苄青霉素耐药基因位于质粒上,不同畜群来源菌株之间耐氨苄青霉素质粒存在差异。用中草药艾叶的乙醇提取物和蒸馏提取物对大肠杆菌庆大霉素耐药性及耐药质粒进行了消除试验,结果艾叶乙醇提取物的消除率最高可达69.4%。     

庆阳市采用塑料大棚发酵畜禽粪污模式初探

为了提高粪污发酵速度、缩短发酵时间,减少环境对粪污的承载和消纳能力,笔者通过采用塑料大棚模式发酵粪污,以提高粪污内部温度,添加一定的微生物菌剂,采用高温好氧堆积发酵,在西北气候条件下,使小型养殖场(合作社)粪污发酵比常温堆积发酵时间缩短了40～100 d,使粪污尽快得到还田利用,减少了环境对粪污的承载力。     

混合比例和添加剂对菊苣与青贮玉米混合青贮品质的影响

探讨不同混合比例和添加剂对菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮饲料品质的影响,为调制高质量的混合青贮饲料提供理论依据。以菊苣和青贮玉米为原料,按质量比0∶1、1∶3、1∶1、3∶1和1∶0 (分别用0C1M、1C3M、1C1M、3C1M、1C0M表示)进行混合青贮,并分别设置3个添加剂处理,即零添加、5 g·t^-1乳酸菌+5 g·t^-1纤维素酶(LX)和10 g·t^-1乳酸菌+5 g·t^-1纤维素酶(2LX),青贮60 d后测定混合青贮饲料的营养成分和发酵品质。结果显示,菊苣与青贮玉米混合比例为0∶1和1∶1时青贮饲料的感官评价优于其余3种混合比例的,而且添加剂处理感官评定优于零添加处理的。菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮可以形成养分互补,有助于均衡青贮饲料整体营养,在青贮原料中添加添加剂则可以提高青贮饲料发酵品质。混合青贮饲料的营养价值随菊苣比例增加而显著提高,但是发酵品质在菊苣混合青贮比例高于1∶1时显著降低。综合判定菊苣和青贮玉米1∶1混合时其青贮饲料品质最佳,其中又以1C1M/2LX处理最好,纤维组分(NDF和ADF)和氨态氮/总氮含量较低而粗蛋白和乳酸含量较高。     

Effect of Different Domestic Alfalfa Adding Content on Nutritional Quality of Local Fresh Milk

Domestic alfalfa supply has the obvious price advantage in the local dairy farms,but its feasible amount of feeding and the effect on the quality of fresh milk are still unclear for a lack of scientific experimental evidence. The alfalfa growed in Daqing city, Heilongjiang province was used in the present study,and one-year feeding experiment was performed to analyze the effect of alfalfa on the quality of fresh milk in the local 9 large-scale dairy farms. The results showed that compared with control group,the nutrient of fresh milk were not significantly improred when the amout of alfalfa was 3 kg/d (P >0.05).While the cude protein and dry matter of fresh milk were significantly increased (P <0.05) when the amount of alfalfa addition in the diet was 6 kg/d, but the milk fat and lactose percentage were not significantly affected (P <0.05). Moreover,the alfalfa addition in diet resulted in a significantly increase of unsaturated fatty acid percentage (P <0.05) and optimization of fatty acid composition of the fresh milk. In conclusion,it was helpful to improve the nutritional quality of fresh milk by changing the alfalfa amount of 3 kg/d,which was commonly used at present in dairy farms,to be 6 kg/d.