使用中西药物提高奶牛繁殖的效果观察

1 材料与方法 1.1 实验动物及环境条件本试验共用奶牛94头,年龄2.5～16岁,分散养于各农区,春末到秋季以放牧为主,冬季补饲. 1.2 试验药物本次采用了中西两种药物,中药方剂(当归40 g、淫羊藿25 g、益母草80 g、香附30 g、川芎25克、生地30 g、赤芍30 g、山栀30 g、连翅30 g、红花25 g、桃仁30 g、干姜20 g、双花25 g加减),西药(苯甲酸雌二醇注射液,三合激素注射液等).     

杜仲叶影响绵羊血清代谢组学的研究

为探索杜仲叶（Eucommia ulmoides leaves,EUL）对绵羊营养代谢和生理功能的影响,本研究选取25~30 kg、70~80日龄的湖羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,分别为对照组（无杜仲叶日粮组,CTL）、低剂量添加组（10%杜仲叶日粮组,EUL1）、高剂量添加组（20%杜仲叶日粮组,EUL2）。预试期15 d,正试期90 d。试验结束时,通过静脉采血,离心后分别取血浆和血清,血浆用于生化分析,血清用于代谢组学分析。结果显示,饲喂杜仲叶后,EUL1和EUL2组绵羊血浆中葡萄糖、非酯化脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白均升高,EUL2组与CTL组差异显著或极显著（P<0.05;P<0.01）,EUL1组与CTL组差异不显著（P>0.05）;EUL1和EUL2组尿素较CTL组极显著降低（P<0.01）,总胆固醇水平显著降低（P<0.05）,EUL1和EUL2组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。血清样品采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）进行检测,在正模式下得到593个代谢物,在负模式下得到1 570个代谢物。通过主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）及正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）发现,各试验组间的差异代谢物较多,能将其得分图明显区分。进一步对变量重要性因子大于1.0（VIP>1.0）的代谢物进行t检验后发现,各组之间有24种特征代谢物差异显著（P<0.05）。这些差异代谢物涉及体内葡萄糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸等的代谢,有的代谢物还与动物的免疫机能相关。杜仲叶饲料对绵羊的营养代谢、生理状态和免疫状况可产生明显的影响,代谢组学可有针对性地分析代谢物发生的步骤及生理作用,为阐明杜仲叶影响营养代谢的机制提供参考。     

四种常用草坪草的水分蒸散与补偿规律的研究

通过调控灌水量,采用蒸散仪法对南京地区四种常用的草坪草的水分蒸散和水分补偿规律进行了研究.研究结果表明,(1)在正常供水条件下,冷地型草坪草(凌志高羊茅、匍匐剪股颖) 的蒸散量普遍高于暖地型草坪草(普通狗牙根、日本结缕草)的蒸散量;在限量供水条件下,蒸散量受土壤水分条件的限制;(2) 温度、水气压的变化与草坪草的蒸散量呈显著的正相关,大气因子对草坪草的蒸散具有显著的影响;不同留茬高度对草坪草的蒸散具有显著的影响,一般在留茬4cm时蒸散量最低.合理的水分补偿应结合气象因子与修剪高度进行;(3)在8～10月,四种草坪草的补水量为凌志高羊茅8.9～216.5mm,匍匐剪股颖79～158.2mm,普通狗牙根116.0mm,日本结缕草107.4mm;(4)草坪草具较大的节水空间,只要灌溉合理就可以避免耗水过多问题.     

Research on the Antioxident Function of Sulforaphane on the Leydig Cells of Cadmium Exposured Mice

The study was aimed to explore the antioxident function of sulforaphane (SFN) on the leydig cells of cadmium (Cd) exposured mice.Cd and SFN were added to the cell culture medium of TM3 cell, half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of Cd and SFN safe dose range were determined.The tested model was set up,and the relative survival rate of TM3 cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and cell antioxidant levels were determined to study the antioxident function of SFN to cadmium exposured mice.The results showed that:①With the increase of Cd concentration,the relative survival rate of TM3 cells was decreased,and the IC₅₀ of Cd was 51.4 μmol/L;Within a certain concentration range,SFN could increased the cells survive rate,but there was toxicity when the SFN concentration was more than the scope,and the greater the concentration,the greater the toxicity. At experimental condition,SFN safety concentration were 2.5,5 and 10 μmol/L.②Compared with the control group,the GSH content,the T-SOD and GSH-Px activities in Cd group were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P < 0.05;P < 0.01),and the LDH activity,the MDA content were increased.Additionally,the LDH activity and MDA content of SFN groups were decreased,while others three indexes were increased. Compared with Cd group,the GSH content,the T-SOD and GSH-Px activities of Cd+SFN groups were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P < 0.05;P < 0.01),however,the LDH activity,MDA content were decreased. The result indicated that SFN had the antagonism effect on toxicity of Cd in TM3 cell.     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

白羊草叶片和根系干旱胁迫下microRNAs差异表达分析

为了探索干旱胁迫下白羊草miRNAs的组织特异性,本研究在干旱胁迫下白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum）转录组数据的基础上,采用Illumina测序技术和生物信息学方法,对干旱胁迫和正常生长条件下白羊草苗期叶片和根系miRNAs（microRNAs）进行鉴定和表达分析研究。结果从4个库中鉴定出白羊草中有属于20个家族的79个已知miRNAs和92个新miRNAs。干旱胁迫后叶片和根系中差异表达的miRNAs分别有65个（上调28和下调37）和27个（上调15和下调12）。响应干旱胁迫的主要miRNAs为miR156,miR164,miR166,miR169,miR172,miR396,miR398,miR408,miR528。对这些miRNAs预测的靶基因进行GO生物功能和KEGG代谢通路富集分析表明,植物激素信号转导是叶片和根系响应干旱胁迫共同富集的主要代谢通路,而黄酮类化合物生物合成则是干旱胁迫下叶片富集的最主要代谢通路。     

2018年进口奶牛检疫情况分析

随着十多年的超速发展,我国奶牛业已由单一品种的散养方式逐步转变为高产品种的规模化、集约化养殖方式。然而,我国奶牛整体遗传素质不高,多为进口高产奶牛与地方奶牛的低代次改良品种,以致原奶质量参差不齐,严重制约了我国奶业的健康发展。因此,大规模引进高品质的奶牛品种,已成为我国优化奶牛基因、推动畜牧业产业化发展的重要抓手,但同时也为检疫工作带来了挑战。本文通过分析2018年我国进口奶牛数量、来源国、疫病检出、进境口岸及隔离检疫场分布等数据,结合各来源国的疫病防控特点,有针对性地提出检疫要点,为我国全面提升进口奶牛的检疫水平、切实做好奶牛群体遗传改良计划、加快推进畜牧业转型升级提供参考。     

我国茸鹿育种研究进展及现代茸鹿育种探讨

综述了我国茸鹿育种自 1 958年始至今历经 42年 3个阶段 ,成绩显著 ,取得了令世界瞩目的成就