Synovial tumours in dogs

The morphological characteristics, breed predispositions, site predilections and behaviour of three of the most common types of synovial tumours were discussed. Synovial histiocytic sarcoma represents 50% of synovial tumours, occurring in breeds predisposed to histiocytic sarcoma, and has a poor prognosis. Their histological appearance is similar to histiocytic sarcomas occurring elsewhere. The stifle is the most common site; dogs with ruptured cranial cruciate ligament are predisposed. Synovial cell sarcoma represents 15% of synovial tumours in dogs. They have non-specific spindle cell morphology, and can only be distinguished using cytokeratin immunohistochemistry, which will label a small percentage of the spindle cells. Amputation is often curative, but metastases can occur. Synovial myxoma represents 20% of synovial tumours in dogs. They have a characteristic morphology of myxomatous nodules filling the joint cavity and sometimes extending into the surrounding tissues, including bone. Labrador Retrievers and Doberman Pinschers are predisposed, and the stifle and digit are the most common sites. Prognosis is good; even with incomplete excision some dogs survive years without progression or metastasis. Histopathological examination of synovial tumours is essential to determine the course of treatment, and prognosis.     

减量灌溉下不同施氮量对南疆机采棉田干物质积累及产量影响

【目的】研究新疆南疆机采棉地区在适宜的水氮供应下,棉花干物质动态积累、产量及水肥利用状况。【方法】在南疆阿克苏地区机采棉田,设置不同灌溉量(2 250 、3 450、4 650 m³/hm²)和施氮量(0、300、600 kg/hm²)2个因子,分析不同处理的棉花生长状况、干物质积累及水肥生产效率。【结果】增加施氮量有利于棉花开花结铃,在干物质积累及花后贡献率上,灌溉量和施氮量二者其中一个因素过高或者过低均会影响棉花干物质快速积累及花后干物质的贡献率,灌溉量3 450 m³/hm²和施氮量为300 kg/hm²时干物质积累速率的加快,花后干物质的贡献率较大,有利于干物质的快速积累;在棉花产量和水肥利用效率上,随着灌溉量增加籽棉产量也随着增加,当灌溉量由3 450增加到4 650 m³/hm²时,籽棉产量的增加幅度减小,在灌溉量3 450 m³/hm²下,随着施氮量的增加棉花产量呈现先升后降的趋势,当施氮量为N2时,棉花产量最大为7 153.08 kg/hm²。【结论】在不同灌溉量下,随着施氮量增加有利于棉花干物质积累、产量及水肥利用效率提高。但随着灌溉量增加施氮量的正效应将会减少。南疆机采棉田在3 450 m³/hm²灌溉量下,施肥量(纯N)为300 kg/hm²时,能够有效的提高棉花产量及水肥利用效率。     

滑皮金柑和融安金柑外观、风味及营养成分比较

滑皮金柑是融安金柑的实生变异品种,为探明其品质特性,本研究以融安金柑为对照,比较二者果实外观、风味和营养成分的差异。结果表明,滑皮金柑单果质量、纵横径、果皮油胞数和色泽CCI值均显著低于融安金柑。滑皮金柑果实剪切力较低,其他质构指标均显著高于对照。糖酸含量分析表明:滑皮金柑果皮和果肉中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖以及总糖含量均显著高于融安金柑;滑皮金柑果皮中柠檬酸和苹果酸含量显著低于对照,而乙酸、马来酸和富马酸含量则显著高于对照;在果肉中,滑皮金柑的柠檬酸和丁二酸含量显著低于对照,而酒石酸、草酸、乙酸、马来酸、富马酸含量均显著高于对照。此外,滑皮金柑果皮和果肉中V_C含量相对较低,但总多酚和总黄酮含量显著高于对照。同时滑皮金柑中积累了更多香豆酸和阿魏酸,总酚酸含量也高于对照。     

分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法检测 黑胡椒中19种农药残留

[目的]建立分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法测定黑胡椒中敌敌畏、联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯等19种农药残留的方法,为黑胡椒产品的多种农药残留同时检测提供技术支持.[方法]黑胡椒样品采用乙腈提取,提取液经吸附剂净化后过膜上机,由HP-5MS色谱柱分离,在电喷雾离子源的多反应监测模式下对19种农药进行检测.通过正交试验优化无水硫酸镁、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)、石墨化炭黑(GCB)和C184种吸附剂的配比.[结果]100 mg无水硫酸镁+20 mg PSA+50 mg GCB+40 mg C18为最佳配比的混合吸附剂;19种农药采用外标法定量;基质标准溶液在0.004~1.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R>0.9900);53%农药为强基质效应,其中大部分为有机磷类农药,42%为中等基质效应;样品在3个不同添加水平下回收率为76.0%~114.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=3)在2.0%~12.0%,均小于15.0%,苯醚甲环唑检出限为0.010 mg/kg,其余农药检出限为0.007 mg/kg.[结论]建立的分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法前处理简单快速,准确度和精密度符合检测要求,适用于黑胡椒中敌敌畏等19种农药残留的同时检测.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定大蒜中10种农药残留

建立了快速、准确测定大蒜中10种农药多残留的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测技术。样品经酸化乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁(500 mg)除水后,用N-丙基乙二胺(PSA,500 mg)和十八烷基键合硅胶(C₁₈,500 mg)净化,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,Waters C₁₈色谱柱分离,采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。10种农药的检出限在0.020~0.800 μg·kg^-1,定量限在0.067~2.670 μg·kg^-1。线性范围内相关系数均大于0.99。加标回收率在73.4%~109.0%,相对标准偏差在1.2%~9.8%。结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,可同时测定大蒜中10种农药。     

Early Pregnancy Diagnosis by Serum Progesterone and Ultrasound in Sheep Carrying Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Derived Pregnancies

Early pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring play an important role following embryo transfer in sheep. The aims of the current study were to investigate (i) the pattern of serum progesterone profiles in sheep carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)‐derived (clone) pregnancies, and (ii) the frequency of pregnancy loss during development following SCNT embryo transfer. Sheep SCNT embryos were made using standard nuclear transfer techniques. Day 7 embryos were surgically transferred to oestrus‐synchronized recipients (n = 27). As a control, normal fertile ewes (n = 12) were bred by natural breeding. Serum was collected from all the ewes on the day of estrus (day 0 sample), 7 days post‐estrus (day 7 sample) and 19 days post‐estrus (day 19 sample) and every 10 days thereafter until lambing or pregnancy loss occurred. Serum progesterone (P4) was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound scanning on day 35 of pregnancy followed by subsequent scanning every 10 days. In control ewes, pregnancy rate on day 35 was 83.3% (10/12), whereas in the ewes that received SCNT embryos, it was 22.2% (6/27; p < 0.05). The day 45 pregnancy rate in the control ewes was 83.3%, whereas in the SCNT embryo recipients it was 11.0% (p < 0.05). Hormone analysis revealed that SCNT embryo recipients exhibited a significantly lower P4 profiles at different time points in pregnancy compared to controls (p < 0.05). This study highlights the use of serum progesterone in combination with ultrasound for the investigation of embryo loss and crucial times during development of normal and SCNT embryos in sheep. Further, the serum P4 levels directly reflect the degree of placental development in these two groups.     

DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控脂肪沉积的研究进展

脂肪沉积是一个复杂的生物学过程,受遗传和表观遗传的调控作用。DNA甲基化和去甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要方式,可通过与转录因子的相互作用或改变染色质的结构调控基因的表达,进而参与机体生长发育和细胞分化等重要的生命过程。动物脂肪沉积是脂肪细胞增殖分化和肥大的结果,脂肪细胞分化是由多能干细胞经前体脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞转化的过程。相关研究表明,转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxi-some proliferator activiated receptorγ,PPARγ)和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白家族(CCAAT enchancer binding proteinfamily,CEBPs)在脂肪沉积过程中起关键调控作用。近期研究发现,DNA甲基化可以通过调控脂肪形成过程中相关基因的表达而参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪组织的生长发育。去甲基化也可影响动物脂肪沉积过程,但其具体机制目前尚不清楚。作者主要介绍了DNA甲基化和去甲基化的定义、发生位点、生物学功能、参与DNA甲基化和去甲基化过程中的酶及其作用机制,概述了脂肪沉积过程及PPARγ、C/EBPα等转录因子在脂肪沉积过程中的调控作用,重点阐述了DNA甲基化和去甲基化对脂肪形成相关基因的表达和对脂肪细胞分化的影响,旨在为阐明脂肪沉积机制及改善动物肉质品质提供参考。     

The influence of diel period on fish assemblage in the unstructured littoral of reservoirs

Abstract Diel changes in littoral fish assemblage were studied in four reservoirs in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). The sampling was performed by beach seining in an unstructured littoral zone. Perch, Perca fluviatilis L., roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), bream, Abramis brama (L.), carp, Cyprinus carpio L., ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua (L.), pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.) and A. brama × R. rutilus hybrids exhibited higher densities at night. Only bleak, Alburnus alburnus (L.) exhibited higher densities during the day. The number of species was higher in night hauls, and mean body size of roach and bleak was also higher at night. Diel changes in fish densities resulted in the change in species composition between day and night. The study has implication for the sampling design to assess littoral fish assemblages using beach seine netting and recommends night sampling for a representative assessment or sampling during both diel periods for a robust assessment.     

不同时期叶面喷施萘乙酸对秋芝麻品种赣芝13号产量及种子质量的影响

[目的]探讨苗期和花期叶面喷施萘乙酸(NAA)对秋芝麻产量及种子质量的影响,为秋芝麻高产栽培和种子繁育提供理论参考.[方法]以秋芝麻品种赣芝13号为试验材料,设叶面喷施清水(CK)及苗期(T1)、花期(T2)及苗期和花期重复喷施(T3)10 mg/L NAA溶液4个处理,成熟后测定上、中、下部蒴果的每蒴粒数及粒重等产量性状,并测定不同部位种子的发芽性状.[结果]不同时期叶面喷施NAA均能促使秋芝麻赣芝13号的株高和始蒴高度变高,空稍尖长度和果轴长度变长,单株蒴果数和每蒴粒数增加,但均与CK差异不显著(P>0.05,下同).与CK相比,不同时期叶面喷施NAA后,T1、T2和T3处理的千粒重分别增加5.58%、5.15%和6.44%,单株产量分别增加8.76%、5.15%和16.24%,单位面积产量分别增加10.96%、10.97%和24.72%,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同).叶面喷施NAA还能显著增加赣芝13号植株上部蒴果的每蒴粒数和千粒重,显著提高上部蒴果种子的发芽率、苗高、根长和苗鲜重,提高种子质量,均以T3处理的效果较佳;但对中部和下部蒴果的相关性状影响不显著.[结论]叶面喷施NAA能显著提高赣芝13号的千粒重和单株产量,达到显著增产效果,苗期和花期重复喷施的作用效果优于苗期或花期单次喷施,其主要体现在显著提高上部蒴果的每蒴粒数和籽粒千粒重,使种子质量显著提高.