产蛋期蛋鸡不同类型玉米净能研究

本试验利用禽用开放式呼吸测热装置进行能量代谢试验,通过间接测热法结合替代法测定不同类型玉米在产蛋期蛋鸡饲粮中的表观代谢能和净能。选用34周龄产蛋期海兰褐蛋鸡180只,随机分为6组,每组30只。试验选用1种玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和5种待测饲粮。待测饲粮由5种待测玉米(3种2018年10月收获的正常玉米和2种2016年收获储存3年的陈化玉米),分别以50%比例替代基础饲粮构成。试验鸡在舍内笼养,预试期7 d,正试期27 d,其中正试期分为3期,每期9 d(适应3 d、呼吸测热3 d、绝食测热3 d)。每期试验中,从每组中选择4只试验鸡,称重后分别放入呼吸测热装置的12个代谢室(每个代谢室2只),每2个代谢室对应1种饲粮,测定气体交换和排泄物总量,呼吸测热的同时进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:与基础饲粮相比,5种玉米待测饲粮的表观代谢能显著提高(P<0.05),3种正常玉米待测饲粮的净能显著高于基础饲粮和2种陈化玉米待测饲粮(P<0.05);2种陈化玉米的表观代谢能和净能显著低于3种正常玉米(P<0.05)。本试验中,3种正常玉米的表观代谢能分别为16.19、15.85、16.17 MJ/kg,2种陈化玉米的表观代谢能分别为15.12和15.06 MJ/kg;3种正常玉米的净能分别为12.39、12.57、12.25 MJ/kg,2种陈化玉米的净能分别为11.29和12.05 MJ/kg。     

HaNPV病毒对寄主昆虫的持续作用研究

用不同浓度的HaNPV病毒感染3龄棉铃虫幼虫并分别收集不同处理的存活试虫进行室内传代饲养.结果表明,病毒对寄主昆虫不仅具有直接致死作用,而且对蛹质量和化蛹均有明显的影响,尤其是对亲代和子一代的寄主昆虫.同时,通过PCR技术,从子一代的幼虫和蛹中成功检测到该病毒,从而在分子水平上证明了病毒能够经过亲代传递到子代的种群中.这对病毒的高效利用和害虫的持续控制具有重要的理论和实践意义.     

啮齿目核糖酸酶5基因(RNase5)的分子进化

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t追溯和揭示非洲兽总目核糖核酸酶基因超家族(RNASE A)的分子进化。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t以Blastn与tBlastn方法分析鉴定7个非洲兽总目物种RNASE A成员;利用ClustalX和MEGA 7.0软件比对翻译RNASE A功能基因的氨基酸序列;基于http://isoelectric.ovh.org在线预测功能基因等电点;利用MrBayes v3.1.2.构建BI系统发育树。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t分析鉴定获得82条RNASE A序列,包含64条功能基因和18条假基因;RNASE A序列长度377~654 bp,典型RNASE A序列特征在RNase1~8中相对保守,而在非典型的成员RNase9~13变异位点多;各物种基因的等电点在5.03~9.17之间;长鼻目大象(Loxodonta africana) RNase1、RNase6和管齿目土豚(Orycteropus afer) RNase4发生基因复制,大象RNase1经历了“生与灭”的进化模式。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t首次深入开展非洲兽总目RNASE A分子进化研究,增加对该基因超家族的认识,为后续研究奠定了基础。\t\t\t\t     

Analysis of Rapid Startup and Steady Operation of Short Cut Nitrification and Denitrification

In order to investigate the influence factor of short cut nitrification and denitrification, the rapid startup and steady operation of the short cut nitrification and denitrification with real time control were studied. The results show that the short cut nitrification and denitrification can be rapidly setup by the control of DO and pH cooperated with low DO. The excessive aeration has negative effect on the accumulation of NO -2-N for primary short cut nitrification and denitrification sludge. With real time control and reasonable aeration time, the ammonia can be oxygenated completely and the nitrite can not be oxygenated when aeration stops and ammonia oxygenation just completes. Thus the real time control strategy not only realizes the short cut nitrification and denitrification, but also maintains such steady operation.     

Effects of Lodging at Different Filling Stages on Rice Yield and Grain Quality

The effects of lodging of rice plants from 20 d after full heading to maturity on yield and grain quality were investigated with a hybrid rice combination Liangyoupeijiu and a japonica rice cultivar CY-6.The results showed that,except for brown rice rate,almost all parameters for yield and grain quality including ratio of grain length to grain width,gelatinization temperature and gel consistency,were significantly influenced by lodging and thus deteriorated.Regression analysis suggested that,lodging one day earlier at the grain-filling stage could cause 2.66% to 2.71% of yield loss,1.8 to 2.6 percentage points decrease of seed-setting rate,0.26 to 0.32 g reduction of 1000-grain weight,0.097 to 0.155 percentage point decline of milled rice rate,as well as 0.13 to 0.27 percentage point increase of chalky grain rate,and 0.021 to 0.024 percentage point rise of protein content,and subsequently lower the eating quality.     

蚯蚓粪对温克提子果实品质的影响

以生长势一致的温克提子为试材,研究蚯蚓粪、牛粪和常规施肥3种处理对土壤理化性质及温克提子果实品质的影响。结果表明:蚯蚓粪处理的温克提子正造果和二造果的产量、百粒重、横径、纵径、总糖、糖酸比、可溶性固形物和Vc含量均高于牛粪和常规施肥处理,而可滴定酸含量均低于牛粪和常规施肥处理。二造果的百粒重、横径、纵径、总糖、糖酸比、可溶性固形物和Vc含量均低于正造果,二造果的可滴定酸含量高于正造果。     

植物群体遗传进化研究方法探析

[目的]评估植物群体遗传进化研究涉及的相关算法软件,为该研究领域提供方法选择参考.[方法]利用重测序数据,就群体遗传进化研究的各种算法做比较,对相关算法分析效果做对比评估.[结果]评估结果表明,进化树耗时和数据大小、模型选择均有较大关系,两者共同决定运算时间,另外运算效果还和多序列的比对效果有很大关系.群体结构分析fastStructure、Admixture软件运算速率、准确度较Structure软件有明显提高.主成分分析耗时相对较少,可用Cluster和R软件实现,两款软件的计算结果可相互验证;连锁不平衡分析推荐Plink2软件.[结论]算法及软件的选择对植物群体遗传进化研究的效率、结果影响较大.     

Schizothorax prenanti corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH): molecular cloning,tissue expression,and the function of feeding regulation

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a potent mediator of endocrine, autonomic, behavioral, and immune responses to stress. For a better understanding of the structure and function of the CRH gene and to study its effect on feeding regulation in cyprinid fish, the cDNA of the CRH gene from the brain of Schizothorax prenanti was cloned and sequenced. The full-length CRH cDNA consisted of 1,046 bp with an open reading frame of 489 bp encoding a protein of 162 amino acids. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that CRH was widely expressed in central and peripheral tissues. In particular, high expression level of CRH was detected in brain. Furthermore, CRH mRNA expression was examined in different brain regions, especially high in hypothalamus. In addition, there was no significant change in CRH mRNA expression in fed group compared with the fasted group in the S. prenanti hypothalamus during short-term fasting. However, CRH gene expression presented significant decrease in the hypothalamus in fasted group compared with the fed group (P < 0.05) on day 7; thereafter, re-feeding could lead to a significant increase in CRH mRNA expression in fasted group on day 9. The results suggest that the CRH may play a critical role in feeding regulation in S. prenanti.     

贵州六盘水地区马铃薯中元素含量及其与种植环境关系浅析

通过对贵州省六盘水地区马铃薯种植区开展地球化学调查研究,并对调查区域的马铃薯进行采样、监测和统计分析,结果表明,马铃薯中所含元素的含量基本与所种植的土壤环境相吻合,因此种植环境元素含量不同会影响马铃薯品质,选择含有适量必须元素的土壤种植马铃薯对提高马铃薯产量和品质有很大关系.