RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE AND ANATOMY OF THE EQUINE SACROILIAC REGION

Radiography is part of evaluating horses with poor performance and pelvic limb lameness; however, the radiographic appearance of the sacroiliac region is poorly described. The goal of the present study was to describe the use of a simple technique to obtain radiographs of the sacroiliac region in the anesthetized horse and to describe the radiographic appearance of this region. Seventy-nine horses underwent radiography of the pelvis under general anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. During a 5s exposure time the horse was actively ventilated to blur the abdominal viscera, which allowed assessment of individual bone structures in 77 horses. A large variation in the shape of the sacral wings, their articulation with the transverse processes of L6, and the relation of the sacrum to the ilium were observed. Females had significantly narrower width of the sacral wings. Broad sacral wings and bony proliferations at the caudal aspect were commonly observed features and their size was highly correlated with gender. In males, caudal osteophytes were significantly larger than in females. Five horses had transitional or hemitransitional vertebrae. Radiography with the ventilation-induced blurring technique is a simple approach that results in diagnostic quality radiographs and delineation of the highly variable bone structures of the sacroiliac region.     

茶树Whirly基因家族的鉴定与表达分析

【目的】对茶树Whirly基因家族成员进行鉴定及表达分析,为进一步探究Whirly基因家族在茶树生长发育和逆境响应的作用机理提供参考。【方法】以茶树品种北茶36、龙井43和大面白的叶片为材料,基于Whirly基因家族的保守结构特征,从茶树基因组鉴定CsWhys基因家族成员,利用生物信息学软件对其进行可视化分析,并对组织特异性和时空表达模式分析。【结果】从舒茶早茶树基因组中鉴定获得2个CsWhy基因,命名为CsWhy1(XP_028085682.1)和CsWhy2(XP_028102803.1)。系统进化树分析结果显示CsWhy1和CsWhy2蛋白分别与已知的定位于叶绿体和线粒体的Whirly蛋白聚为一类。CsWhys基因启动子区域富含激素、胁迫和MYB转录因子结合位点等顺式作用元件,种类呈多样性。组织表达特性分析显示,CsWhy1在茶树叶片和芽中具有较高的表达丰度;CsWhy2则在茶树不同组织中均具有较高的表达丰度。时空表达模式分析结果发现,CsWhys的表达在不同时间点受低温、干旱、ABA、GA和H₂O₂处理诱导上调。冷驯化条件下,CsWhy1在抗寒品种龙井43和不抗寒品种大面白中呈现相反的表达模式,而CsWhy2在2个品种中均下调表达。【结论】茶树基因组中2个CsWhys基因具有Whirly基因家族的典型特征,茶树CsWhys基因的表达具有明显的组织特异性,推测CsWhys基因家族在茶树芽叶生长和抗逆过程中起发挥了重要调控作用。     

利用微型离心管提取分析天然橡胶主要成分聚异戊二烯方法的建立

为建立一种快速、准确的从少量样品中提取、分析天然橡胶主要成分聚异戊二烯含量的方法,在已采用索氏提取器提取的基础上,进一步探讨采用2 mL微型离心管的方法提取分析材料(0.5 g以下)中的聚异戊二烯含量。从分别利用微型离心管与索氏提取器提取4种样品分析材料,即顺式聚异戊二烯标准品、多汁乳菇子实体、杠柳枝条、杜仲果翅的提取得率和分子量分布看,2种提取方法的差别不大,再通过每次提取时利用顺式聚异戊二烯标准品建立标准曲线校正,采用2 mL微型离心管微量提取分析测定植物植株、组织材料或真菌子实体、菌丝体中的顺式或反式-1、4-聚异戊二烯橡胶含量的方法可行、结果可信。     

拟南芥SWEET1/2/3基因突变体构建及功能鉴定

SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) 基因广泛存在于植物、动物和微生物中,在细胞膜或者细胞器膜形成跨膜孔道,协助糖类物质完成跨膜运输。拟南芥SWEET1/2/3基因属于SWEET基因家族CladeⅠ分支。通过表达谱数据分析发现,SWEET1基因在花器官优先表达,SWEET2基因在营养生长和生殖生长期均有表达,SWEET3基因在花中表达。三个基因在体外鉴定具有葡萄糖转运活性,但由于缺少功能缺失的突变体和功能冗余,它们的生理功能仍不清楚。通过CRISPR/Cas9系统在SWEET1/2/3基因中创建了靶向突变,鉴定获得了sweet1、sweet1/2、sweet3和sweet1/2/3突变体。突变体在营养生长过程中表型与野生型相同,但它们的角果长度显著短于野生型的角果。在高浓度葡萄糖培养基上,sweet1、sweet1/2和sweet1/2/3突变体对葡萄糖敏感,其特征是根更短,高度严重降低,表明 SWEET1/2/3基因在葡萄糖信号中具有功能。对葡萄糖信号通路中关键基因的进一步分析发现,HXK1、KIN10和KIN11在野生型和突变体之间转录和翻译水平没有显著差异。结果表明,拟南芥SWEET1/2/3基因在葡萄糖信号传导和调节角果的发育中起着重要作用。     

MRI CHARACTERISTICS AND HISTOLOGY OF BONE MARROW LESIONS IN DOGS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED OSTEOARTHRITIS

Signal changes within the bone marrow adjacent to osteoarthritic joints are commonly seen on magnetic resonance (MR) images in humans and in dogs. The histological nature of these lesions is poorly known. In this study, we describe the MR imaging of bone marrow lesions adjacent to the stifle joints of dogs with experimental osteoarthritis over 13 months. Histology of the proximal tibia at the end of the study was compared with the last MR imaging findings. In five adult dogs, the left cranial cruciate ligament was transected. Post-operatively, MR imaging was performed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months. Dogs were euthanised after 13 months and histological specimen of the proximal tibia were evaluated. Bone marrow edema like MR imaging signal changes were seen in every MR examination of all dogs in one or more locations of the proximal tibia and the distal femur. Lesions varied in size and location throughout the whole study with the exception of constantly seen lesions in the epiphyseal and metaphyseal region at the level of the tibial eminence. On histology, hematopoiesis and myxomatous transformation of the bone marrow and/or intertrabecular fibrosis without signs of bone marrow edema were consistent findings in the areas corresponding to the MR imaging signal changes. We conclude that within the bone marrow, zones of increased signal intensity on fat suppressed MR images do not necessarily represent edema but can be due to cellular infiltration. Contrary to humans, hematopoiesis is seen in bone marrow edema-like lesions in this canine model of osteoarthritis.     

地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶改性大豆分离蛋白工艺条件的优化

研究利用基因工程菌制备的地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶水解改性大豆分离蛋白。采用正交旋转组合试验优化设计,确定地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶水解改性大豆分离蛋白的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,底物浓度为7.5%,加入酶量为3 000 U/g底物,水解温度为53℃,水解时间为2.0 h为最佳水解条件,最终得到大豆分离蛋白的水解度为30.3%,改性大豆分离蛋白的溶解度为95.68%。说明此水解条件能够较好地水解改性大豆分离蛋白,提高其溶解性。     

微生物肥料宁盾对白蜡树促生防病效果初探

白蜡树是良好园林树种,其经济用途为生产白蜡,为促进微生物肥料在白蜡树生长方面的作用,通过对白蜡树施用微生物肥料宁盾的效果分析,研究宁盾对白蜡树促生防病的影响。结果表明:微生物肥料宁盾可以显著促进白蜡树的生长,使之存活率提高20%,茎粗和叶绿素含量也明显提高,并可有效改善其土壤生长环境,显著提高土壤中可利用的氮磷钾,对三者的提升分别达到61.91%、358.97%、272.43%;从而增强土壤肥力,促进作物生长,提高作物产量。发展前景和改进方面作出一定预估。     

5个云油茶品种的扦插繁殖研究

通过系统的扦插繁殖试验探讨了5个云油茶品种的扦插育苗效果及插穗类型、基质类型对5个云油茶品种穗条扦插生根、成活及其扦插苗生长的影响。研究结果表明:(1)3号、4号、9号、13号、14号5个云油茶品种在扦插繁殖上所体现的遗传差异性不大,在适宜的环境条件下,可作为云南省油茶产业重要的扦插繁殖良种推广应用;(2)在云南省的红土高原上,价格低廉又易采集的黄心土(沙性黄壤)是5个云油茶品种扦插育苗用的优质基质材料;(3)梢部穗条(C1)的扦插成活率、生根率及扦插苗的平均根长显著高于中部插穗(C2),极显著高于基部插穗(C3)。因此5个云油茶品种的扦插育苗以用梢部作为穗条最好。     

虎奶菇菌丝生长的氮源和碳源筛选及其抑菌作用

结果表明:虎奶菇菌丝生长的最佳氮源为黄豆粉,碳源为葡萄糖.获取菌丝体的适宜配方为8 g.L-1黄豆粉和20 g.L-1葡萄糖,菌丝体含量可达11.558 mg.mL-1;虎奶菇菌丝体对革兰氏阳性细菌有较强的抑制作用,对革兰氏阴性细菌、酵母和霉菌没有抑制作用.     

黄土高原次改林地林下植物与鼢鼠繁殖的关系

研究了黄土高原次改林林地鼢鼠繁殖参数与林下10种主要草本植物的关系,研究表明:次改初期,林下植被基本保持原次生林的特点,鼢鼠喜食的阳性植物在林内呈块状分布.林地鼢鼠雌雄比小,雌鼠怀孕率低,胎仔数少,种群繁殖能力较弱.随着鼢鼠喜食植物逐渐扩散,盖度和组成比显著增加,鼢鼠雌雄比逐渐增大,雌鼠怀孕率逐渐提高,胎仔数增加,种群繁殖能力显著增强.随着林地郁闭度的增加,鼢鼠喜食的植物逐渐从原来的生态位退出,鼢鼠种群雌雄比、雌鼠怀孕率、平均胎仔数和繁殖指数下降,繁殖能力降低,种群出现了衰退的迹象.造成鼢鼠繁殖强度变化的主要原因是林下草本植被时雌鼠平均胎仔数的影响.在林下草本植物中,影响鼢鼠繁殖强度的主要是二裂委陵菜、委陵菜和苦荬菜,其次是糙隐子草和白羊草.二裂委陵菜、委陵菜和苦荬菜的分布频度与胎仔数呈显著的正相关,达乌里胡枝子的分布频度与胎仔数呈显著负相关;二裂委陵菜和委陵菜的盖度与胎仔数呈极显著的正相关,苦荬菜、长芒草和达乌里胡枝子的盖度与胎仔数呈显著正相关,糙隐子草的盖度与胎仔数有较强的正相关性,白羊草的盖度与胎仔数呈显著的负相关.