真空干燥过程中物料质量在线测量设备设计与试验

针对真空脉动干燥过程中物料质量在线获取易受到机械振动、温度变化和气流短时冲击等多重干扰,导致测量困难、测量精度不高的问题,提出了将固定料架和测量料架分离的测量方案,并选用高精度的测量器件,在经过信号滤波、温度修正和气流干扰排除等多种修正手段后,实现了温度变化范围20~45℃、无明显外部剧烈振动、冲击时间小于1 min的正常进抽气条件下总量程1 500 g、去掉料盘后有效量程1 000 g、最大引用误差0.1%的物料质量在线测量。静态测试结果显示,满量程最大引用误差0.06%,物料干燥测试结果显示,干燥终点最大引用误差0.1%,能够清楚反映整个干燥过程中的质量变化情况和干燥速率变化情况,可为研究农产品干燥过程中物料状态变化规律和实现自动干燥工艺调控提供技术支持。     

中草药对大菱鲆源哈维氏弧菌的体外抑菌效果

为了解中草药对大菱鲆源哈维氏弧菌的体外抑菌效果,采用琼脂扩散法和二倍稀释法测定了哈维氏弧菌菌株对18种中草药的敏感性。结果显示:五倍子、石榴皮、大黄、乌梅和苏木的抑菌作用最强,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)12.5 mg/m L;黄连、马齿苋、鱼腥草、穿心莲、公丁香和桉树叶的抑菌作用次之,MIC为12.5~25mg/m L;沙棘、黄柏、辣蓼、甘草和薄荷抑菌效果较好,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为100~500 mg/m L;而陈皮、石菖蒲的抑菌作用不明显,MIC均大于500 mg/m L。结果表明,18种中草药中五倍子、石榴皮、大黄、乌梅和苏木对大菱鲆源哈维氏弧菌有较好的抑菌效果,可为防治大菱鲆哈维氏弧菌病中草药制剂的开发提供参考。     

Triggering the biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea by Trichoderma harzianum through inhibition of pathogenicity and virulence related proteins

This study reports a strain of Trichoderma harzianum CCTCC-SBW0162 with potential to enhance biocontrol activity against gray mold pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, and with a pivotal role in tomato (Solanum esculentum) plant growth enhancement. A total of 254 Trichoderma isolates were screened by in vitro antagonistic assay. Of these, 10 were selected for greenhouse experiments based on their greater inhibition of B. cinerea. The in vitro antagonistic assay and greenhouse experiments indicated that T. harzianum CCTCC-SBW0162 gave the highest inhibition rate (90.6%) and disease reduction (80.7%). Also, to study the possible mechanism associated with antifungal activity of CCTCC-SBW0162 against B. cinerea, molecular docking was used to assess the interactions between CCTCC-SBW0162-derived metabolites, and pathogencity and virulence related proteins of B. cinerea. The molecular docking results indicated that the combination of harzianopyridone, harzianolide and anthraquinone C derived from CCTCC-SBW0162 could synergistically improve antifungal activity against B. cinerea through the inhibition/modification of pathogenicity and virulence related proteins. However, this computerized modeling work emphasized the need for further study in the laboratory to confirm the effect T. harzianum-derived metabolites against the proteins of B. cinerea and their interactions.     

三种酚酸类化感物质对花生根际土壤微生物及产量的影响

为进一步探明花生连作障碍的机理,通过外源添加的方法研究了不同浓度肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸及其混合物对花生开花下针期、结荚初期、结荚末期根际土壤微生物及产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,各处理均降低了各生育期花生根际土壤细菌和放线菌的数量、微生物量生物量以及呼吸强度,增加了真菌的数量。随浓度增加,化感作用增强,以3种酚酸类化感物质混合物的化感作用最强。随处理时间的延长,对真菌的化感作用增强,对其他指标的化感作用减弱。各处理均显著降低了花生产量（P < 0.01）,处理浓度越高,花生减产幅度越大。最高浓度（初始含量为90mg·kg-1干土）的肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸以及混合物处理使花生每盆荚果产量分别降低了43.2%、32.9%、40.2%和47.3%。这三种酚酸类物质的累积与连作花生根际土壤微生物群落结构的变化相关,是花生连作障碍产生的可能因素之一。     

全豆豆腐中腐败菌分离、鉴定及货架期研究

全豆豆腐是保留大豆中营养物质的新型豆腐,研究全豆豆腐中腐败菌及货架期,可提高农产品利用效率。文章对全豆豆腐中腐败菌16S r DNA作序列分析,利用Logistic方程和Modified Gompertz方程拟合腐败菌生长动力学曲线,在一级模型基础上,采用延滞期模型和平方根模型分析温度对腐败菌延滞期(Lag time)和最大比生长速率(μmax)影响,采用一级模型研究并评估全豆填充豆腐货架期。结果表明,全豆豆腐中腐败菌经鉴定为Bacillus cereus和Bacillus subtilis。15~30℃下,Modified Gompertz模型拟合精度高于Logistic模型。豆腐贮藏温度由30℃降至15℃,腐败菌最大比生长速率(μmax)降低,延滞期(Lag time)增大。Modified Gompertz方程延滞期模型和平方根模型拟合度(R2)依次为0.98和0.99,拟合精度高于Logistic方程,相对误差低于Logistic方程。15℃下Logistic方程和Modified Gompertz方程计算实际货架期为41.38和40.73 h,10℃下Modified Gompertz方程预测全豆豆腐货架期为143.96 h(5.99 d)。结果表明,Modified Gompertz方程更适用于全豆填充豆腐货架期预测。     

Effect of Inoculation Rhizobium and Response of Soybean-Rhizobium System to Insoluble Phosphate

In order to produce efficiently symbiotic system in acid soils which could be used for the recovery of insoluble phosphate soil and improvement of the fertility,etc.,host range of Rhizobium was isolated from the root nodules of wild and cultivated soybean varieties growing in south China,evaluated the effects of Rhizobium on enhance nitrogen fixing activities,phosphorus(P),nitrogen (N)uptakes,growth and yield of soybean under pot and field conditions.The results showed that combined Rhizobium inoculation was more effective than individual Rhizobium inoculation. The combined Rhizobium of CW54 strains had the highest effect, nodule number, nodule weight and nodule nitrogenase activity were markedly stimulated as compared to those of the control U110, respectively. The nitrogen contents in the plants treated with CW54 strains were significantly increased by 43.2% as compared to those of the control U110 in Al-P soil, but statistical significance was not observed in Fe-P soil. By contrast, inoculation with CW54 significantly enhanced phosphorus uptake of plant in Fe-P soil than that in Al-P soil. The effects of inoculation of CW54 strains in a field condition were similar to those of in a pot condition. The total biomass and yield in the plants treated with CW54 strains were significantly increased by 86.4% and 51.4% as compared to those of the control at the time of soybean podding in a field condition, respectively.These results suggested that inoculation Rhizobium was beneficial for soybean nutrient uptake,growth and yield under insoluble phosphate soil conditions.     

我国农业高校自主创新能力建设研究——基于863计划实施的分析

农业高校是国家农业科技创新体系的重要组成部分,在国家现代农业发展中起着重要作用。从国家863计划现代农业技术领域项目实施出发,通过对我国4所代表性农业高校863计划项目组织管理现状的比较,分析农业高校在自主创新能力方面存在的不足,并结合国家科技体制改革趋势与要求,提出我国农业高校自主创新能力建设的建议和对策。     

白音诺尔铅锌矿尾矿库扬尘风积物对植被生长的影响

为了解尾矿库对周边植被的影响情况,对白音诺尔铅锌矿前山尾矿库沿扬尘方向覆有扬尘风积物地区进行植被和扬尘风积物的距离抽样调查和结果分析,得出以下结果:1根据地面扬尘风积物厚度和植被生长状况将研究区域划分为以下3个区,距尾矿库450m以内为重度污染区,450~750m为中度污染区,750~1350m为轻度污染区;2地表覆盖的扬尘风积物越厚,植物吸收养分越困难,从而使植物存活率降低、长势差。3重度污染区比对照区自然植被减少4科9属17种,种数减少了77.3%,造成群落结构简单,许多植物种类丧失;中度污染区比对照区减少1科5属12种,种数减少了54.5%;轻度污染区比对照区减少1科4属9种,种数减少了36.4%。     

脆蜜金柑、融安金柑及滑皮金柑果实品质对比分析

[目的]比较金柑新品种脆蜜金柑与传统金柑品种融安金柑、滑皮金柑果实品质差异,为提高广西金柑产业竞争力提供参考依据.[方法]比较分析脆蜜金柑、滑皮金柑和融安金柑3个金柑品种果实的单果重、纵横径、果皮厚度及可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖、可滴定酸含量和果汁率、种子数、单位面积油胞数等21项指标.[结果]脆蜜金柑单果重、纵横径及可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖、可滴定酸含量和果汁率、种子数、单位面积油胞数等9项指标均优于融安金柑和滑皮金柑.其中,脆蜜金柑的单果重分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑重7.9%和13.7%,可溶性固形物含量分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑高42.38%和19.14%,总糖含量分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑高53.98%和3.00%.[结论]脆蜜金柑是一个品质优良、极具推广潜力的金柑新品种.     

MS营养成分对橡胶树幼态微型芽条培育的影响

为了探索基本培养基中各营养成分对橡胶树幼态微型芽条培育的影响情况,以橡胶树优良无性系‘云研73-477’花药体胚植株为外植体,采用正交试验法研究了MS营养成分对橡胶树幼态微型芽条培育的影响。结果表明:以茎段为外植体培育幼态微型芽条时,MS培养基中4种营养成分对诱导率的影响均不显著;大量元素、有机成分及铁盐对繁殖系数的影响差异极显著;微量元素、有机成分及铁盐对死亡率的影响差异极显著,理论上最优组合为全量大量元素+4/5微量元素+全量有机成分+全量铁盐;以茎尖为外植体培育幼态微型芽条时,培养过程中,外植体无死亡现象发生,均有新芽产生;大量元素、微量元素及铁盐对繁殖系数的影响差异极显著,而有机成分不显著,理论上最优组合为2/5大量元素+2/5微量元素+4/5有机成分+全量铁盐。