Production of cell-wall polysaccharide degrading enzymes in carrot root tissues infected by Mycocentrospora acerina.

Mycocentrospora acerina , the causal agent of liquorice rot of carrot roots, produces several cell-wall polysaccharide degrading enzymes in vitro . To assess the involvement of these enzymes in tissue invasion, the production and localization of pectin methylesterases, polygalacturonases, pectate lyases and endoglucanases were measured in root tissue infected by M. acerina . Isoelectrofocusing studies demonstrated the production of three isoforms of pectin methylesterase in healthy tissue. In infected tissue, two isoforms already observed in the culture filtrate and two novel isoforms were detected. Tissue maceration was associated with in vivo production of pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase, which were first detected on the second day whereas pectate lyase and endoglucanase activities were detected only from the fourth day after infection. Maceration was always detected ahead of the mycelium, indicating diffusion of these enzymes.     

2017年褐飞虱和白背飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性监测

氟吡呋喃酮是拜耳作物科学公司开发的一种新型新烟碱类杀虫剂。为探究氟吡呋喃酮在水稻稻飞虱上的应用前景,采用稻苗浸渍法测定了采自中国7省10地的褐飞虱田间种群和5省8地的白背飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性。结果表明:10个地区的褐飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮表现为低等至中等水平抗性(抗性倍数RR=6.1~17.4),其中江西南昌、河南信阳、安徽六安和浙江杭州种群表现为中等水平抗性(RR=10.1~17.4);相反,白背飞虱除湖北孝感田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮表现为低水平抗性(RR=6.3)外,其他7个地区的田间种群均保持敏感(RR=1.1~3.6)。本研究揭示了中国褐飞虱和白背飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮的敏感性现状,可为合理应用氟吡呋喃酮防控稻飞虱提供理论依据。     

In vitro and in silico studies of salicylic acid on systemic induced resistance against bacterial leaf blight disease and enhancement of crop yield

Salicylic acid (SA) is an effective elicitor to promote plant defenses and growth.This study aimed to investigate rice(Oryza sativa L.) cv.Khao Dawk Mali 105 treated with salicylic acid (SA)-Ricemate as an enhanced plant protection mechanism against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo).Results indicated that the use of SA-Ricemate as a foliar spray at concentrations of more than 100 mg L^–1 can reduce the severity of BLB disease by 71%.SA-Ric...     

Herbage intake and milk production by grazing dairy cows 2. The effects of level of winter feeding and daily herbage allowance

Two experiments are described in which two levels of winter feeding and three levels of herbage allowance during the grazing season were imposed upon March/April calving British Friesian dairy cows. The winter treatments resulted in differences in live weight and milk yield at turnout of 35 and 53 kg and 3·4 and 3·2 kg d^-1 for the two trials. Subsequently, when grazed at generous herbage allowances, the cows were able to compensate for much of this difference but when herbage was restricted the milk yield differences were accentuated. Groups of cows from each winter treatment were offered 25, 50 or 75 (Experiment 1) and 30, 50 or 70 (Experiment 2) g herbage DM per kg LW daily during the grazing season. Daily herbage intakes on the three allowances in each trial were 14·1, 13·3, 10·7 and 12·5, 12·1, 11·5 kg OM and milk yields were 16·0, 15·3, 12·5 and 15·2, 14·3, 11·8 kg SCM respectively. Both intake and milk production were depressed once the cows were forced to consume more than 50% of herbage on offer or to graze the sward down to a mean height of less than 8–10 cm. Grazing behaviour observations indicated that under rotational managements the cows did not compensate for restrictions in available herbage by grazing longer. Highest levels of milk production per unit area were observed in both trials when production per cow was depressed by 20–25%.     

氟唑菌酰羟胺和苯醚甲环唑在香蕉上的残留分析及膳食风险评估

建立了氟唑菌酰羟胺和苯醚甲环唑在香蕉全果和果肉中的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,在云南进行了规范残留试验,研究了氟唑菌酰羟胺和苯醚甲环唑在香蕉上的残留消解行为并进行了长期膳食暴露风险评估.结果表明:在0.01～1 mg/kg添加范围内,氟唑菌酰羟胺和苯醚甲环唑在香蕉全果和果肉中的平均回收率分别为75％～115％和7...     

不同化控制剂对优质杂交稻泰优398抗倒伏特性的影响

设置5种化控制剂处理,研究了拔节期前喷施不同化控制剂对优质稻泰优398茎秆配置、抗倒伏特性及产量的影响.结果表明,5种化控制剂喷施后株高均显著降低但对产量没有显著影响,其中,4种制剂喷施后能够缩短基部倒4、倒5节间长度,喷施25％多效唑悬浮剂和5％烯效唑可湿性粉剂能显著增加植株推阻和倒3节抗折力,从而增强植株抗倒伏能力...     

各国水产品生产及消费动向分析

简要介绍了世界主要国家水产品生产状况,分析了各国水产品消费量和消费趋势,并对各国水产品消费动向,特别是日本消费者生活方式、销售流通结构和质量价格观念方面进行了总结。