粳稻品种(系)抗稻瘟病特性分类的研究

用日本７个粳型单基因鉴别菌系将黑龙江省的一些粳稻品种（系）初步划分为８个抗性基因型：砦１号型、ＰｉＮｏ．４、Ｚｅｎｉｔｈ型、福锦型、杜稻型、下北型、关东５１号型、爱知旭型;根据供试品种（系）对黑龙江省四个优势小种的反应,将其划分为８个抗性类群,用日本鉴别菌系鉴定属于同一类群的品种,而用黑龙江省优势小种鉴定又被划分为不同类群,这说明同一抗性类型的品种可能含有相同的抗性基因,也可能含有不同的抗性基因。此外,在供试的粳稻品种（系）中没有发现对黑龙江省优势小种呈全抗反应类型的品种（系）。     

不同硬化地面类型对城市悬铃木物质循环的影响

研究了城市不同硬化地面类型（水泥地面、水泥砖面和踏实土地面）对悬铃木物质循环、水分循环及营养元素（Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ）循环的影响。结果表明：自然降水在城市水泥地面,水泥砖面或坚实的地表上很容易形成较大的地表径流,其中以水泥地面最甚,达４８％;各类型地面对雨水的渗透能力有明显差异,对照（花坛土）最强,为８７６％,踏实土（７２８％）次之,水泥砖面较差（３３％）,水泥地面渗透量接近于零。城市土壤营养元素除Ｋ外,Ｎ,Ｐ含量以踏实土最高,分别为００７７７和００８６６,其次为水泥砖面（００６９９和００５８７）及水泥地面（００５６２和００６３１）;生产力排序为：踏实土＞水泥砖面＞水泥地面。树木对土壤养分的吸收量也呈现相似的趋势,表现为：吸收量越大,理论归还量越大,但由于实际归还量较小,则土壤亏损就较多。     

Vertical and leaf-age-related variations of nonstructural carbohydrates in two alpine timberline species, southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Spatial pattern of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) was analyzed in two alpine timberline species (Abies georgei and Juniperus saltuaria) growing at the timberline in Sergyemla Mountain, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We aimed to examine the effect of canopy height and leaf age on balance between carbon uptake and consumption of timberline tree species in extremely environmental condition. The results showed that no significantly vertical variation in sugars, starch or NSC (soluble sugars plus starch) in A. georgei was found for any aged needles. Also, there were no significant differences among vertical gradients in both current and last-year leaves for J. saltuaria. However, different-aged needles/leaves showed significant differences in NSC concentrations in both A. georgei and J. saltuaria. For A. georgei, needle mean NSC across vertical canopies showed a significant increase from current-year to 2-year needles (P < 0.05), followed by a gradual decrease from 2- to 5-year needles (P < 0.05), whereas for J. saltuaria, last-year leaves had significant higher NSC except sugars compared with current-year leaves across canopies (P < 0.01). The observed trends of NSC along vertical canopy heights and leaf ages suggested that, in extreme environmental condition, not only light-induced carbon acquisition in photosynthesis but also carbohydrate export from leaves should be taken into account to explain the spatial pattern of NSC.     

单旋翼油动无人施药直升机悬停状态下风场下洗气流分布规律研究

无人施药直升机,具有机动灵活、无需专用起降场地、对飞行空域要求低等优点,在我国航空植保中已经初步得到应用。相关文献中通过实验证明,单旋翼无人直升机施药装备进行水稻、玉米等病虫害的防治,在旋翼产生的下洗气流的辅助作用下,药液的沉积率和穿透率都大大提高,尤其是在水稻生长分蘖期和玉米生长穗期(封行)以后,防效优于常规地面机具。风场的有效覆盖范围、下洗气流风速的大小,对机载施药装备的装配布局以及施药效果有着直接的影响。该文采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD),对油动单旋翼直升机悬停状态时5、6、7m高度下的旋翼所产生的风场进行了模拟分析,重点研究了风场中对农药喷洒作业过程中主要影响雾滴沉积分布的下洗气流分布规律,并设计了一套农用无人机风场测量装备,并以单旋翼油动无人机为测试对象,对旋翼产生的风场进行了测试验证。试验中,将无人机升至距离地面5、6和7m,采用"米-环形放射状布点法",纵向(Z轴向)、径向(从原点O至与Z轴垂直面上的测量点)均以主旋翼中轴和地面相交处为圆心、0.5m为一步长,径向以45°夹角分隔测量8个方向,垂直向和径向布置测量点,测量范围以主旋翼中轴为圆心、旋翼旋转覆盖面为主。以5m高度时风场下洗气流风速数据为例进行了充分讨论,模拟结果和试验测量结果显示:随着高度的增大同一纵向剖面上风速变化总体趋势是由大变小再迅速变大,并在1m左右高度处出现下洗气流风速极小值区间,在2m左右高度处出现下洗气流风速值极大值区间;随着径向距离的增加同一径向上风速变化总体趋势是先由小变大,再由大变小,下洗气流最大测量值为11.37m/s,风速值较大区间为径向0.5~1.5m之间;接近地面(高度0.5m处)的风速变化规律不明显。对8个方向5个测量高度的试验数据进行标准差对比,结果表明标准差总体不大于0.6m/s;以测量数据为依据,计算了模拟数据与测量数据间的误差,结果表明整体最大相对误差限介于0.3~0.7之间,验证了模拟数据的可信度;结合模拟数据和实验测量数据,采用高次多项式拟合,测量高度超过1m以上时,多项式拟合决定系数R2达到或超过0.75,说明拟合方程具有参考价值,0.5m以下测量高度,多项式拟合决定系数R2值较小,介于0.4~0.7之间不等。研究将为单旋翼无人机航空施药提供优化依据。     

柞木单板高频真空干燥工艺

以5 mm柞木单板为研究对象,对其实施不同干燥工艺(高频发振与停歇时间,木材控制温度(Tc)、环境压力(Pa))的高频真空干燥,测算其温度分布、干燥速度、干燥周期、终含水率及其标准偏差、脱水比、开裂和翘曲度等参数。通过对这些参数的对比分析,确定了其较适宜的高频真空干燥工艺。结果表明:干燥过程中单板材堆的温度分布变化,长度方向近端部略高,其它部位相近;宽度方向,呈现内部高侧边低的分布趋势;高度方向,呈现中心层高、近接地极板层低的分布趋势。底层与接地极板间设置已干单板后虽能减小温度梯度,但不能使其消除。单板干燥速度取决于温度(T)、Pa、水分渗透性、扩散系数、迁移距离(L),Pa降低,T升高,水分迁移驱动力(ΔP/L)增大,干燥速度加快;T升高还能使渗透性和扩散系数增大,因而对干燥速度影响显著,但单板易开裂;单板终含水率分布均匀性主要由材堆中温度分布均匀性、干燥工艺条件等决定。在材堆与电极板间设置隔热材料,能使材堆高度方向温度分布均匀性提高,含水率差异减小。5 mm柞木单板较适宜的高频真空干燥工艺确定为,高频发振7 min/停歇1 min、Tc为54.5℃、Pa为6.5 k Pa、ΔP为8.5 k Pa。     

八棱海棠和湖北海棠的耐盐性分析

通过组织培养获得两个苹果砧木八棱海棠(Malus robusta Rehd.)和湖北海棠[Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd.]的试管苗,并以不同浓度的NaCl作为盐胁迫因子,加入生根培养基中进行耐盐性试验。结果表明,在盐胁迫的30d内,试管苗的生根率、生根数目均随着盐浓度的升高而降低,试管苗的受害指数随着盐浓度的升高而增大。在4g/L NaCl胁迫下,随着盐胁迫时间的延长,试管苗的受害率和受害指数呈上升趋势。八棱海棠耐盐能力大于湖北海棠。     

香蕉ACC合成酶含3＇末端的cDNA克隆

采用3'RACE方法对香蕉(Musa AAA Cavendish Subgroup)ACC合成酶含3'末端的cDNA进行扩增,扩增产物被克隆到pCR*2.1载体上,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,筛选到重组质粒(pACS2),并对插入片段进行序列测定。结果表明,3'RACE产物长1 680 bp,其中一个开放读框内的核苷酸序列编码444个氨基酸,氨基酸序列包括了ACC合成酶中所应具有的7个高度保守区。同时该产物还有长269 bp的3'末端,并具有完整的Poly(A)尾(24mer)。     

Effect of dietary phosphorus levels on growth and body composition of crucian carp,Carassius auratus under indoor and outdoor experiments

Indoor and outdoor experiments were carried out simultaneously to evaluate the effects of dietary phosphorus levels on growth performance and body composition of crucian carp. Monocalcium was used to formulate extruded feed containing available phosphorus (AP) of 1.5 (D1), 4.7 (D2), 6.3 (D3) and 9.0 (D4) g kg^?1. Twelve 500‐L recirculating tanks were assigned to four triplicate groups with each tank stocked with 15 juveniles (39.88 ± 0.14 g) for indoor experiment. Twelve polyethylene enclosures were assigned to four groups with each one stocked with 120 juveniles (44.08 ± 1.36 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, survival ranged from 96% to 100%. Weight gain, special growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion rate did not show significant differences among dietary treatments in both experiments. Fish cultured in the enclosures grew better, although D1 and D2 treatments did not reach significant level. Crude protein and phosphorus content of the fish were not significantly affected by dietary phosphorus level. Moisture, crude lipid, crude ash and vertebrae phosphorus were significantly affected by different phosphorus levels. Based on vertebrae phosphorus, crucian carp cultured in the tanks and in the enclosures showed phosphorus deficiency under 4.7 g kg^?1 and 6.3 g kg^?1 AP, respectively.     

对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒的精细结构、核酸、多肽及血清学研究

对纯化的对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（ＨＨＮＢＶ）进行了超微结构、紫外吸收、核酸类型及多肽ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ的研究。同时用单克隆抗体对ＨＨＮＢＶ的两分离株和ＭＢＶ进行了血清学比较研究。用ＴＭＶ作为内标定物测得病毒粒子大小为１５０ｎｍ×４５０ｎｍ，其衣壳为两个帽状物端夹１３圈螺旋对称的园柱体结构。病毒在２６０ｎｍ处吸光系数为０．１１７ｍｇ／ｍＬ／ＯＤ２６０。病毒核酸为双链ＤＮＡ，分子量大于３５×１０６ｄ。病毒囊膜有１２种主要多肽。病毒衣壳有两种主要多肽。从寿光（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７）和青岛（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３８）分离到的病毒种在ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ和抗ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ反应上没有显著差异。ＨＨＮＢＶ与斑节对虾杆状病毒（ＭＢＶ）在抗原决定簇上存在差别。     

大麦高蛋白种质遗传稳定性分析

鉴定和筛选高蛋白大麦种质资源为育种者利用 ,提高饲用和食用大麦的营养品质是国内外大麦育种关注的热点。作者对“八五”、“九五”期间初鉴的 170余份蛋白质含量高的品种进行多点种植鉴定 ,从中选出 4 0份进行 2年多点重复鉴定和遗传稳定性分析 ,选出一批比Hiproly遗传稳定、性状比较优异的高蛋白种质。