Status of Biological Studies and Aquaculture Development of the Mud Crab, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scylla serrata</Emphasis>, in China: An Experimental Ecological Studies

This is an initial paper in a series of overviews of biological research and aquaculture development of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, in China. Results of experimental ecological studies on mud crabs are reported here. As a result of these experimental studies, results that are important for mud crab culture were also discovered and these include, methods to condition and manage broodstock, determination of ecological conditions that are suitable for embryonic development, and the influence of temperature, salinity, diet and larval density on development and survival of larvae. Results of this work will be useful in establishing a good method for artificial mass culture of larvae.     

Effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on growth performance and plasma biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on growth performance and plasma biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Graded levels of EEP [0 (control), 1, 2, and 4 g kg⁻¹ diet] were fed to trout juveniles (mean weight 7.73 ± 0.17 g) for 10 weeks. Dietary EEP supplementation regardless of inclusion level significantly improved the specific growth rate of fish. Similarly, supplemental EEP generally improved the feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio, but no significant differences were observed between the 1 g kg⁻¹ EEP group and the control group. In addition, dietary EEP supplementation generally increased the plasma superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities, but decreased the plasma malondialdehyde level. The plasma triglycerides level was significantly lower in the 1 or 4 g kg⁻¹ EEP group as compared with the control group. Dietary EEP supplementation generally decreased the plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, but increased the hepatic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. These results indicate the potential to use the EEP as a growth promoter, hepatoprotective agent, and immunostimulant for rainbow trout.     

试谈林业行政处罚中应用业务知识的重要性

指出了林业行政执法复杂且专业性要求强,林业业务知识对林业行政执法特别是林业行政处罚极为重要,通过专门人员或专业机构出具的林业勘验、检查或鉴定报告对案件性质或行政处罚裁量权起到了关键作用。结合实践探讨了林业行政执法人员掌握并依法运用林业业务知识,对林业行政执法水平、执法能力和执法效率、效果以及社会的影响。     

基于Transformer的强泛化苹果叶片病害识别模型

模型泛化能力是病害识别模型多场景应用的关键,该研究针对不同环境下的苹果叶片病害数据,提出一种可以提取多类型特征的强泛化苹果叶片病害识别模型CaTNet。该模型采用双分支结构,首先设计了一种卷积神经网络分支,负责提取苹果叶片图像的局部特征,其次构建了具有挤压和扩充功能的视觉Transformer分支,该分支能够提取苹果叶片图像的全局特征,最后将两种特征进行融合,使Transformer分支可以学习局部特征,使卷积神经网络分支学习全局特征。与多种卷积神经网络模型和Transformer模型相比,该模型具有更好的泛化能力,仅需学习实验室环境叶片数据,即可在自然环境数据下达到80%的识别精度,相较卷积神经网络EfficientNetV2提升7.21个百分点,相较Transformer网络PVT提升26.63个百分点,能够有效提升对不同环境数据的识别精度,解决了深度学习模型训练成本高,泛化能力弱的问题。     

机采棉花品种新6015选育及栽培技术

新6015于2021年8月通过新疆维吾尔自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种较对照增产明显,按新疆棉花品种审定标准纤维品质达Ⅰ型品种标准,高抗枯萎病,耐黄萎病。介绍了新6015的选育过程、主要形态与农艺性状、产量表现、纤维品质、抗病性、适宜区域及栽培技术要点等。     

地力水平和播期对冬小麦籽粒产量及氮素利用率的影响

以泰农18为试材,在播种密度(基本苗)405.0万株/hm2条件下,研究两个不同地力水平和适度早播(10月1日)、适播(10月8日)和适度晚播(10月15日)对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:高地力水平下小麦籽粒产量较高但氮素利用率偏低;同地力条件下,适当推迟播期,通过协调单位面积穗数和穗粒数,仍可维持与早播和适播条件下相当水平的籽粒产量;虽然推迟播期降低冬小麦氮素吸收效率,但可提高氮素利用效率,两者互补,所以适当推迟播期氮素利用率仍可维持与早播和适播相当的水平。因此,在不同地力水平下,适当推迟播期可以调控冬小麦冬前群体免受冷害和寒害的影响,维持较高的籽粒产量和氮素利用率。     

鲁北夏玉米施锌效果及其影响因素

2010~2012年,通过玉米锌肥施用技术试验,重点研究了玉米施用锌肥的有效性及影响玉米锌肥效果的相关因素。结果表明:鲁北褐土化潮土上施用锌肥一般增产14.3%左右;以666.7m2基施1.0~2.0kg锌肥效果较佳,叶面喷施则以0.20%浓度硫酸锌效果最佳,喷施时期以苗期和拔节期施用效果较好,土壤有效锌含量在0.6 mg/kg以下时施用锌肥有稳定的增产效果。     

理性看待当前的蔬菜价格波动

分析了中国当前蔬菜价格低迷的现状,剖析了价格持续走低的原因,展望了后市蔬菜价格的运行趋势,揭示了蔬菜价格波动的合理性,提出应科学、辩证、理性地去认识其波动,使市场在蔬菜资源配置中发挥决定性作用,进而从消费引导、扶持政策、监测预警、产销模式等角度提出相关政策建议。