鲁北夏玉米施锌效果及其影响因素

2010~2012年,通过玉米锌肥施用技术试验,重点研究了玉米施用锌肥的有效性及影响玉米锌肥效果的相关因素。结果表明:鲁北褐土化潮土上施用锌肥一般增产14.3%左右;以666.7m2基施1.0~2.0kg锌肥效果较佳,叶面喷施则以0.20%浓度硫酸锌效果最佳,喷施时期以苗期和拔节期施用效果较好,土壤有效锌含量在0.6 mg/kg以下时施用锌肥有稳定的增产效果。     

喀斯特山区坡面土壤水分变异特征及其与环境因子的关系

为探明土地利用方式、地形、微地貌等环境因子对喀斯特山区土壤水分空间变异的影响,应用植被数量生态学中的去趋势典范对应分析方法（DCCA）在一典型坡面上研究了表层（0～15 cm）土壤水分变异特征及其与环境因子的数量关系。研究结果表明,在取样时段内坡面土壤质量含水率均值介于21.36%～32.58%之间,季节变化明显,均呈现中等变异特征。不同土地利用方式下土壤水分随时间的变化趋势一致,均呈明显的“四峰型”波动,土壤平均含水率以自然植被最高,撂荒地和坡耕地次之,人工林最低。DCCA的排序结果显示,土层深度、有机碳含量、土地利用方式和裸岩率对坡地土壤水分变异及其季节变化的影响最为显著,土壤体积质量和坡度的影响次之,坡位和海拔的影响最小。鉴于喀斯特坡面地形及微地貌的复杂性,后续研究还需要加大采样间隔和密度,并综合考虑坡向、坡面曲率、汇水分布面积等因素对土壤水分变异的影响,并结合各土地利用方式下土壤养分状况,探讨适应喀斯特坡地退化生态系统修复的农业工程措施和生态重建模式。     

"沼改厕"推广模式的实现及其在四川省的应用

农村户用沼气池是国家战略性惠农措施,中国政府为促进农村沼气工程建设投入了大量财力物力。近年来,因劳动力转移、农业产业结构调整等多种原因造成大量沼气池闲置弃用,极大地浪费了国家和人民的财产。如何提高农村户用沼气池利用率,改善农村生产生活环境是当前乡村振兴面临的一大难题。该研究从"沼改厕"的现实背景、发展现状和技术模式入手,通过"推广模式、推广方法、效益分析和管护机制"四个层面对四川省"沼改厕"典型地区进行案例分析,并深入讨论了"沼改厕"模式的推广应注意的问题,为农村"厕所革命"提供互补的改厕方式,也为"沼改厕"推广模式提供理论支撑。     

新疆头屯河流域不良地质现象分布特征及成因分析

 根据实地考察和观测资料,对新疆头屯河流域不良地质现象分布特征进行分析。结果表明:头屯河流域不良地质现象主要发生在流域中游地带,出现时间的分布受降雨条件控制,集中出现在降雨期。不良地质现象受自然环境多因素的影响和制约,是地质、地貌、地表物质组成、地震活动、水文气象、植被条件以及人类活动等诸因素作用的结果。流域不良地质现象的发育,为流域河道来沙提供了大量的物质基础,根据流域自然环境和不良地质现象的活动分布状况,从生物、工程和社会3方面提出了防治措施。     

不同建植技术对露天煤矿排土场生态修复效果的影响及评价

为解决矿区排土场生态修复难和生态修复成本高的问题,提出了一种新的穴铺建植技术对排土场进行生态修复,并于2012—2015年期间选择4种建植技术对永顺煤炭有限公司矿区排土场开展生态修复工作。基于修复后（2015年）的植被生长状况和土壤改良效果,并通过对比分析的手段,对不同建植技术的生态修复效果进行了评价。结果表明:穴铺植生袋建植法（A）、旱梯田坡面建植法（B）、旱坡植生袋建植法（C）和沙柳围护建植法（D）4种不同建植技术中,在植被覆盖度方面表现为A（85%） > C（80%） > B（73%） > D（63%） > E（7%,裸地）;土壤容重方面表现为A（1.21 g/cm³） < C（1.27 g/cm³） < B（1.31 g/cm³） < D（1.43 g/cm³） < E（1.52 g/cm³）;土壤侵蚀模数方面表现为A[3 630 t/（km²·a）] < C[6 350 t/（km²·a）] < B[7 860 t/（km²·a）] < D[15 730 t/（km²·a）] < E[26 000 t/（km²·a）],均表明A技术在植被生长状况和土壤质地改良方面效果显著,有效解决了试验区人工建植植物群落稳定性差和水土流失量大等问题,成功完成了试验区的生态修复。穴铺植生袋建植技术在矿区排土场或类似区域的生态修复工程实践中具有良好的借鉴和参考作用。     

HPLC Analysis of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in Bovine Milk with C4 and C18 Column

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with C4 column and C18 column for analyzing β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in bovine milk was developed and the performance and characteristic of two columns were compared. Shiseido Proteonavi C4 column (250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm) and Shiseido CAPCELL PAK SG 300 C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm×5 μm) were used in the experiment. Phase A was composed of 0.1% (V/V) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in ultrapure water and Phase B (organic phase) was composed of 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. Gradient elution was taken. Flow rate was 1 mL min-1. The detection wavelength was 215 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL and the column temperature was 30℃. The results showed that linear relationship was good and recovery of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin was 86.12%-104.38%, C18 column had stronger ability to resist acid and more stable, and the method with C4 column had excellent sensitivities and good separation.     

Status of Biological Studies and Aquaculture Development of the Mud Crab, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scylla serrata</Emphasis>, in China: An Experimental Ecological Studies

This is an initial paper in a series of overviews of biological research and aquaculture development of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, in China. Results of experimental ecological studies on mud crabs are reported here. As a result of these experimental studies, results that are important for mud crab culture were also discovered and these include, methods to condition and manage broodstock, determination of ecological conditions that are suitable for embryonic development, and the influence of temperature, salinity, diet and larval density on development and survival of larvae. Results of this work will be useful in establishing a good method for artificial mass culture of larvae.     

安徽省粮食生产能力研究与分析

[目的]研究在现有生产水平条件下安徽省的粮食生产能力;[方法]该文以全省13个农业生态小区为研究单元,确定了能够充分发挥当地气候生产潜力的种植制度,并以粮食丰产科技工程中粮食作物试验产量为基础,计算了各农业生态小区粮食生产能力和总的粮食生产能力;[结果]全省粮食平均单产能力为8029.47kg/hm2,与近3年(2005--2007)~-食平均单产(5390.68 kg/hm2)相比,单位面积耕地的增产潜力为2638.79 kg/hm2;全省粮食总生产能力为483.62亿kg,高ff-~3年(2005--2007年)324.69亿kg的粮食平均总产,每年能为安徽省增加粮食产量近158.93亿kg;[结论]目前全省粮食生产能力的开发率为0.67,粮食生产潜力依然很大.     

The evaluation of practical diets on a basis of digestible crude protein,lysine and methionine for Litopenaeus vannamei

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of replacing fish meal (FM) with blood meal (BM), poultry by‐product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM) and shrimp head meal (SHM), rapeseed meal (RM) and peanut meal (PM) on a digestible basis of crude protein and lysine and methionine in five practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp at the FM levels of 300, 250, 200, 150 and 100 g kg^?1 under laboratory conditions. Each of the five experimental diets was hand‐fed to four replicate tanks of shrimp with an average weight of 0.33 ± 0.03 g to satiation at each meal. The shrimp were fed three times a day over a six‐week period. The per cent weight gain of initial body weight (WG%) was significantly lower in shrimp fed 100 g kg^?1 FM diet, but the value for hepatosomatic index (HSI) and the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tended to be higher in shrimp fed 100 g kg^?1 FM diet than those in shrimp fed other diets. The lowest value for feeding rate (FR) occurred for shrimp fed the basal diet and was significantly lower than that in shrimp fed the FM diets at 100–150 g kg^?1. Shrimp fed diets containing 200 g kg^?1 or lower FM had significantly lower feed utilization than those fed the 250 g kg^?1 FM diet and the basal diet. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) in the shrimp fed the basal diet was significantly higher than in the other FM diets. Decreasing the FM replacement level significantly reduced nutrient digestibility except in the cases of ash and gross energy, but it did not affect the survival, condition factor (CF), body composition, digestive enzyme activity or plasma transaminase activity. The results of the study indicate that feeding a diet formulated on a digestible basis and involving FM replacement with other protein sources at a greater replacement proportion will not produce a level of shrimp growth equal to that achieved by feeding the basal diet.     

桦褶孔菌挥发油的化学成分及2种活性研究

为研究桦褶孔菌挥发油的化学组成及其生物活性,采用超临界CO₂萃取桦褶孔菌挥发油,通过GC−MS分析其化学成分,并评价其对自由基的清除能力及抑菌作用。结果表明：从桦褶孔菌挥发油中共分离鉴定出31种化合物,其中亚油酸含量最高,达到12.9%,其他主要成分是三十四烷（9.4%）、二十四烷（6.4%）、抗坏血酸二棕榈酸酯（4.5%）、9(11)−脱氢麦角甾醇苯甲酸酯（3.2%）、二十烷（2.3%）、二十一烷（2.3%）、2, 4−二叔丁基苯酚（2.2%）等。桦褶孔菌挥发油具有较强的抗氧化活性,对DPPH·、O₂⁻·、·OH和ABTS⁺·的清除能力随其浓度的增加而增强,EC₅₀值分别为（115.81 ± 4.75）、（40.72 ± 3.71）、（185.26 ± 5.22）、（687.63 ± 6.53）μg/mL。桦褶孔菌挥发油对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、变形杆菌3种革兰氏阴性菌和金黄色葡萄球菌金黄亚种、枯草芽孢杆菌及四联球菌3种革兰氏阳性菌均有较强的抑制作用,对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制能力最强,最低抑制浓度为3.91 μg/mL。