梯形渠道跌水口量水的试验研究

跌水是一种较为常见的渠系建筑物,当水流经过跌水口时必然产生缓流向急流的过渡。在梯形渠道上通过2种不同的连接渐变段(扭面与隔墙)以及不同的堰厚和缺口宽度组合,进行了系统的跌水口量水试验,应用量纲分析法建立了2种连接渐变段在不同堰厚下的流量公式,得出流量计算的平均相对误差最大值为3.002%。     

叶片被毛对干旱区短命植物狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响

以荒漠短命植物狭果鹤虱为研究对象,通过野外控制实验,研究叶片被毛(leaf hairs)对狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响。结果表明:对于叶片有被毛的植物,模拟凝结水能显著提高叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度以及地上生物量(干重),而对根径、根长与地下生物量(干重)表现出较小的效应;对于人工去除叶片被毛的植物,模拟凝结水对其根长、根径、叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度、地上与地下生物量的影响不大。由此可知,被毛的存在能显著增加狭果鹤虱叶片吸附凝结水的量,同时也能增强其对干旱环境的适应能力。     

土地利用变化与生态服务功能冲突——以安塞县为例

安塞县位于黄土丘陵沟壑区,经济落后,农业生产水平较低.从土地利用和生态服务功能变化与冲突的角度,分析安塞县农业、环境与生态保护的变化过程与相互作用,指出安塞土地利用变化突出表现为坡地耕垦所引发的土地利用结构的改变;生态服务功能的冲突则主要表现为食物生产与水土保持之间的矛盾.通过资源的有效利用,在实现食物安全的同时,水土流失得到有效控制是完全可能的.     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区生物变化调查

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区经过近4年的建设,植物种类从原来的175种上升到263种,各类品种资源丰富,布局合理;鸟类、蛙类、蜘蛛、蛇类等野生动物日渐增多,有害昆虫种类数从原来的41种降到36种,主要害虫的种群密度在下降,有益昆虫种类数从原来的8种上升到14种,大多数有益昆虫的种群密度在上升;作物病害的种类数从原来的55种下降到34种,一些主要作物病害发病率在下降。     

基于AHP法的信阳毛尖茶内销影响因素研究

信阳毛尖是中国传统历史名茶,近十年来其销售规模扩大了3倍、公用品牌价值增长了66.37％,是茶叶区域公用品牌发展较快的典型案例.本文通过实地调研与问卷调查的方式,基于AHP法对信阳毛尖茶内销影响因素的准则层、指标层进行分析,结果显示对信阳毛尖茶内销影响的主次因素分别是消费者个人可支配收入、茶叶原产地与口感、信阳毛尖茶品...     

超声波预处理对全株青贮玉米品质的影响

为研究超声波预处理对全株青贮玉米品质的影响,设置空白对照组、超声处理组(5、10、15、20、25 min)和乳酸菌对照组进行青贮玉米品质研究.结果表明:15 min和20 min超声处理后,全株玉米青贮饲料感官评定属于优良级.与对照组相比,超声处理后饲料的pH和氨氮比分别降低7.71％和7.82％,乳酸和乙酸含量分别...     

云南省新城疫病毒分离株F基因和HN基因克隆与序列分析

为了确定云南NDV毒株F基因和HN基因的结构特征及其与已知毒株的遗传相关性,应用RT-PCR技术对云南省部分地州养殖场采集的鸡或鸭喉气管组织样品4 700份进行新城疫病毒(NDV)检测,共检出阳性样品25份。对其中8份阳性样品进行NDV F基因与HN基因扩增后,克隆至pMD18-T载体测序,并与国内外代表性毒株和当前流行疫苗毒株进行比对及系统发育分析。结果表明,云南省NDV毒株F基因与国内代表性毒株核苷酸序列同源性介于93.0%～99.2%之间,氨基酸同源性介于90.7%～99.1%之间;与疫苗毒株的核苷酸同源性在83.3%～86.9%之间,氨基酸同源性在86.0%～88.7%之间。HN基因与国内代表性毒株核苷酸同源性介于96.4%～99.1%之间,氨基酸同源性介于95.6%～99.3%之间;而与当前疫苗毒株相比,同源性较低,核苷酸同源性介于81.3%～82.0%之间,氨基酸同源性介于87.6%～88.8%之间。系统进化分析表明,云南NDV F基因有2株属于基因Ⅱ型,其余6株均属于基因Ⅶe型。云南NDV HN基因则均属于基因Ⅶ型。     

奶牛亚临床酮病检测

本研究采用试纸条法、紫外分光光度法和酮粉法检测奶牛亚临床酮病,结果表明：以紫外分光光度法定量检测结果为诊断标准,试纸条法具有较高的敏感性和特异性,分别为69％和94％,酮粉法的检测敏感性和特异性较低,分别为56％和90％.     

S2基因失活突变马传染性贫血病毒感染性克隆的构建及感染性研究

为研制马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)标记疫苗株,本研究在EIAV驴胎皮肤(FDD)细胞弱毒疫苗株感染性克隆pEIAVFDDV3-8的S2基因内部引入两个终止密码子,致使S2基因终止表达,构建了一株S2基因突变的感染性克隆pEIAVFDDV3-8△S2。用该重组质粒转染FDD细胞,盲传至第4代时,转染细胞病变明显,电镜下可见细胞内的典型病毒颗粒。反转录酶活性检测和Real-time PCR对病毒拷贝数的检测均证明,获得了EIAVS2基因终止表达的感染性克隆毒株,命名为EIAVFDDV3-8△S2。