Sampling and characterization of air for organic compounds

Computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of organic compounds in air at a National Air Surveillance Network station in Kansas City. Sampling approaches used included particulate sampling, adsorption on XAD-2 resin followed by solvent elution, and adsorption on Tenax GC followed by direct desorption onto a gas chromatography column. Eighty-two compounds were identified. Unusually large amounts of phenol and phenolformaldehyde resin intermediates were found.     

Metabolism of naturally occurring [13C]glucose given orally to horses

In 5 horses, 13CO2/12CO2 ratios in expired air were determined using isotope mass spectroscopy to investigate metabolism of naturally occurring [13C]glucose. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed using maize or beet glucose. Maize has a higher 13C concentration than that of most plants. The 13CO2/12CO2 ratios after OGTT was performed using maize glucose were compared with 13CO2/12CO2 ratios in expired air after OGTT was performed using beet glucose. The ratio also was determined during the period horses were not fed. Using OGTT, all horses were glucose tolerant. The OGTT performed using beet glucose led to minimal changes in 13CO2/12CO2 ratios. The 13CO2/12CO2 ratios decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) when horses were not fed. After oral dosing with maize glucose, 13CO2/12CO2 ratios reached maximal increases 5 hours after dosing and reached baseline values 15 hours after dosing.     

Histamine inhalation provocation test: method to identify nonspecific airway reactivity in equids

After inhalation of increased concentrations of histamine solutions, equids had a decrease in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and an increase in airway resistance, work of breathing, and maximum intrathoracic differences in pressure. Because the change in Cdyn correlated best with the inhaled histamine concentrations, airway reactivity was assessed by the decrease in Cdyn. With the use of linear regression, histamine concentrations were calculated; this resulted in a 35% reduction of Cdyn and these concentrations were defined as 35% provoking concentration Cdyn. The histamine inhalation provocation test was carried out in 40 equids. Nonspecific airway hyperreactivity was not present in equids that did not have clinical signs of respiratory tract disease, but it was present in 25% of the equids with low-grade lung disease and in all equids with severe lung disease.     

Korrosionsanatomische Untersuchungen am Blutgefäßsystem des Encephalon und der Meninges bei Felis domestica

The blood vessels of the brain and brain cavity were studied in 24 cats with the aid of corrosion-anatomical methods and coloured gelatine-injections. The findings are compared with those of others, and described for the first time in their entirety.     

Infection rates in contaminated surgical procedures: a comparison of prophylactic treatment for one day or four days

Eighty-three calves with a complicated umbilical hernia were included in a randomised prospective study. The frequency of wound infection was compared in two groups. The first group received antibiotics for one day, the second group for four days. The infection rate in calves receiving antibiotics for one day was 25 per cent compared with 8 per cent in calves treated for four days (P less than 0.05). Male calves were more susceptible to infection than female calves.     

Serotypes of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in Australian pigs, small ruminants, poultry, and captive wild birds and animals

Serotypes of 93 Australian isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from diseased domestic animals and poultry and a variety of captive wild birds and animals were determined by double diffusion gel precipitation. Two isolates, from the faeces of a swallow were also examined. Serotypes 1a, 1b and 2 were isolated from pigs and serotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 5, 15 and 21 from sheep or goats. Erysipelas in poultry was attributed to serotypes 1b, 5, 15 and 16. In captive wild birds serotypes 1b, 5, 6, 8, 14, 21 and an isolate reactive with antiserum to strain Seehecht were associated with septicaemic deaths. Single isolates from tissues of a bilby (Macrotis lagotis), black rat (Rattus rattus), brown snake (Pseudechis australis) and a bandicoot (Isoodon macrouris) were classified as serotypes 4, 4, 7, and 10 respectively. Six isolates were not able to be typed. Serotype 1b was the most widely distributed and most common (28%), being associated with disease in pigs, sheep, poultry and wild birds. Serotypes 1a or 2 were found in a more restricted range of animals, being commonly associated with erysipelas in pigs, less commonly in sheep and infrequently in other species. From diseased pigs, 26 of 33 isolates (79%) were serotypes 1a and 1b.     

Development of an artificial diet for mass rearing of the spiny bollworm,Earias insulana

An artificial diet for rearing the spiny bollworm,Earias insulana (Boisd.), was developed in experiments with three successive generations. The present recommended diet is based on kidney beans, alfalfa meal, whole powdered milk and yeast; methyl-P-hydroxy benzoate, chloramphenicol and formaldehyde were included as preservatives. The effect of the diets on the insect quality is discussed.