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941.
942.
Skeletal unit construction of rat mandible based on the masticatory muscle anatomy and double microcomputed tomography 下载免费PDF全文
Hak‐Jin Kim Kyeong‐Mee Park Hye‐Jin Tak Ji Wook Choi Sang‐Hoon Kang Wonse Park Helios Bertin Pierre Corre Sang‐Hwy Lee 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(5):417-427
This study aimed to divide the mandible into skeletal units based on three‐dimensional (3D) muscular anatomy with microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) of Sprague–Dawley rat. Five normal rats were micro‐CT scanned at 12 weeks of age before and after contrast enhancements for the masticatory muscles. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the mandible was performed from the initial micro‐CT images, followed by segmentation of the masticatory muscles using the second enhanced micro‐CT data. Bone and muscle models were superimposed based on the teeth and bony structures to evaluate muscular orientation and attachment. The mandible was divided into skeletal units using the bony structures and muscle attachments. The mandibular foramen and mental foramen were adopted as the reference points based on their anatomical and developmental significance. The skeletal units consisted of the condylar, coronoid, angular, body and symphyseal units. Further evaluation of these units in relation to development, growth, and other biology and medicine will be helpful in elucidating their biological identities. 相似文献
943.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of the active metamizole metabolites after four different routes of administration in healthy dogs 下载免费PDF全文
M. Giorgi B. Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska A. Lisowski H. Owen A. Poapolathep T. W. Kim V. De Vito 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(3):428-436
Metamizole (MT), an analgesic and antipyretic drug, is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active primary metabolite 4‐methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and relatively active secondary metabolite 4‐aminoantipyrine (AA). The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profiles of MAA and AA after dose of 25 mg/kg MT by intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), oral (p.o.), and rectal (RC) routes in dogs. Six dogs were randomly allocated to an open, single‐dose, four‐treatment, four‐phase, unpaired, crossover study design. Blood was collected at predetermined times within 24 hr, and plasma was analyzed by a validated HPLC‐UV method. Plasma concentrations of MAA and AA after i.v., i.m., p.o., and RC administrations of MT were detectable from 5 (i.v. and i.m.) or 30 (p.o. and RC) min to 24 hr in all dogs. The highest concentrations of MAA were found in the i.v., then i.m., p.o., and RC groups. Plasma concentrations of AA were similar for i.v., i.m., and RC, and the concentrations were approximately double those in the PO groups. The AUCEV/IV ratio for MAA was 0.75 ± 0.11, 0.59 ± 0.08, and 0.32 ± 0.05, for i.m., p.o., and RC, respectively. The AUCEV/IV ratio for AA was 1.21 ± 0.33, 2.17 ± 0.62, and 1.08 ± 0.19, for i.m., p.o., and RC, respectively. Although further studies are needed, rectal administration seems to be the least suitable route of administration for MT in the dog. 相似文献
944.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of metamizole (dipyrone) active metabolites in goats and its residues in milk 下载免费PDF全文
Tae Won Kim Andrejs Sitovs Amnart Poapolathep Helen Owen Andrzej Lisowski Zulkyya Abilova Mario Giorgi 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(5):699-705
Metamizole (dipyrone, MET) is a nonopioid analgesic drug commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assess two major active metabolites of MET, 4‐methylaminoantipyrin (MAA) and 4‐aminoantipyrin (AA), in goat plasma after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration. In addition, metabolite concentration in milk was monitored after IM injection. Six healthy female goats received MET at a dose of 25 mg/kg by IV and IM routes in a crossover design study. The blood and milk samples were analyzed using HPLC coupled with ultraviolet detector and the plasma vs concentration curves analyzed by a noncompartmental model. In the goat, the MET rapidly converted into MAA and the mean maximum concentration was 183.97 μg/ml (at 0.08 hr) and 51.94 μg/ml (at 0.70 hr) after IV and IM administration, respectively. The area under the curve and mean residual time values were higher in the IM than the IV administered goats. The average concentration of AA was lower than MAA in both groups. Over 1 μg/ml of MAA was found in the milk (at 48 hr) after MET IM administration. In conclusion, IM is considered to be a better administration route in terms of its complete absorption with long persistence in the plasma. However, this therapeutic option should be considered in light of the likelihood of there being milk residue. 相似文献
945.
946.
基于生长度日和降水量的韩国饲用玉米产量预测模型构建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究基于韩国不同地区的气象数据和饲用全株玉米(Zea mays)产量的历史记录数据,利用一般线性模型进行了饲用全株玉米的干物质产量预测模型的构建。作物产量等相关数据采集自韩国农业协同组合中央会饲料作物研究课题报告,气象数据采集自韩国国家气象厅网站。经过4个步骤的数据整理,最终用于模型构建的数据集包含了22年间(1988-2011年)的775个数据点。以干物质产量为因变量,通过逐步回归分析,两个气象变量被选定为构建产量预测模型的最适气象变量。进一步,通过一般线性模型,构建了包含两个选定的气象变量和以虚拟变量形式考虑进模型的栽培地域变量的韩国饲用全株玉米产量预测模型:DMY=11.298SHAGDD-3.651SHP+1 089.870+Location。其中,DMY为饲用全株玉米的干物质产量,SHAGDD为播种到收获累积生长度日,SHP为播种到收获累积降水量。通过残差分析和10折交叉验证对所构建的模型进行了检验。根据此产量预测模型,可以发现作物生长期间的温度和降水量对饲用全株玉米的干物质产量有着显著的影响。因此,确定合理的播种和收获时间以使作物获得充分的生长对确保合理的作物产量有着重要意义。此外,基于韩国夏季降水相对集中的气象条件,选择拥有较好排水性的土地和较强耐涝性的作物品种,也是确保饲用全株玉米产量的重要因素。 相似文献
947.
948.
Effects of hybrid and bacterial inoculation on fermentation quality and fatty acid profile of barley silage 下载免费PDF全文
Dong Hyeon Kim Sardar M. Amanullah Hyuk Jun Lee Young Ho Joo Ouk Kyu Han Adegbola T. Adesogan Sam Churl Kim 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(1):140-148
This study estimated the effects of hybrid and bacterial inoculant on fermentation quality and fatty acid profile of barley silages. Yuyeon (Silkless) and Youngyang (Silking) barley hybrids were harvested at 24.9 and 27.1% dry matter, respectively, and chopped to 10 cm lengths. Each hybrid was treated with or without an inoculant (2 × 104 colony‐forming units/g of Lactobacillus plantarum). A total of 48 silos were prepared in an experiment with a 2 × 2 (hybrid × inoculant) treatment arrangement with four replications and three ensiling durations (2, 7 and 100 days). After 100 days of ensiling, Yuyeon silage had higher (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility and C18:3n‐3 than Youngyang silage. Youngyang silage had higher (P < 0.05) acetic acid and C18:2n‐6 than Yuyeon silage. Inoculation reduced the C18:3n‐3 concentration of both hybrids and increased (P < 0.05) the C18:2n‐6 of Youngyang. However, fermentation quality was not improved by the inoculant. These results indicate that Yuyeon hybrid might have better potential benefits on animal performances due to its smooth awn and silkless nature, and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility. Its higher C18:3n‐3 would be better for improving fatty acid profile of meat or milk than Youngyang hybrid. 相似文献
949.
Effect of fermented total mixed rations on the growth performance,carcass and meat quality characteristics of Hanwoo steers 下载免费PDF全文
Tae‐Il Kim Vijayakumar Mayakrishnan Dong‐Hyun Lim Jeong‐Ha Yeon Kwang‐Soo Baek 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(3):606-615
This study was conducted to assess the effects of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on the growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits of Hanwoo steers. The present study evidenced that the FTMR had a strong effect on dry matter intake, body weight, daily gain, slaughter weight and carcass characteristics compared with control animals. The results showed that the dry matter intake (7.17 ± 0.13 kg), average body weight (615.20 ± 112.82 kg), and daily gain (0.56 ± 0.16 kg) were greater in animals receiving FTMR than in control animals (P < 0.05). The meat quality characteristics indicated that cooking loss and the pH values did not vary between control and FTMR treated animals; however, animals in the treated groups (FTMR) had higher meat quality grades, carcass weight (396.13 ± 18.35), fat thickness (13.25 ± 1.75), marbling score (5.63 ± 0.56), meat color (40.06 ± 1.23), crude fat (18.39 ± 1.32) and sensory characteristics (flavor 5.03 ± 0.17; tenderness 4.42 ± 0.33; juiciness 5.10 ± 0.16). Nevertheless, the shear force values decreased significantly in FTMR‐treated animals compared with control group steers. Overall, FTMR may not only improve the growth performance, biochemical metabolites, and fatty and acetic acid profiles of steers, but may also enhance the carcass and meat quality characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Regarding economics, our research findings suggest that FTMR‐based feeds may enhance Hanwoo steer meat quality at a low cost. 相似文献
950.