克伦特罗对绵羊肝脏血流量和氮代谢的影响

在4头门静脉、肝静脉、肠系膜静脉和股动脉上安装血管导管的绵羊中研究了克伦特罗（CL,0.8 mg/kgBW,肠系膜静脉给药,每天2次,连续5 d）对其肝脏生长代谢的影响。结果表明:CL对肝脏血流量影响较小。而在CL作用下绵羊血浆中尿素氮水平明显下降,肝静脉和门静脉血液尿素氮流量分别减少16.86％（P<0.01）和15.51％（P<0.05）。肝静脉多肽流量在CL处理期也较对照期下降38.71％（P<0.01）,门静脉处多肽水平处理期则与对照期相当。克伦特罗还增加绵羊肝脏IGF-I的合成和分泌,门静脉和肝静脉中的增加幅度分别为38.84％（P<0.01）和33.18％（P<0.01）。提示CL可通过增强对绵羊肝脏氮的储留及肝脏IGF-I的合成和分泌从而促进机体的生长代谢。     

大鲵α1-血红蛋白基因的生物信息学分析及组织表达研究

 从大鲵皮肤cDNA文库中分离获得大鲵α1 血红蛋白基因全长cDNA序列,生物信息学分析表明,大鲵α 血红蛋白基因全长cDNA序列为594 bp,开放阅读框共432 bp,编码144个氨基酸,编码的大鲵α1 血红蛋白推测的理论分子量为16048.3 u,等电点为6.44。氨基酸组成中酸性氨基酸11.9%,中性氨基酸69.9%,碱性氨基酸18.2%。结构分析表明,该蛋白没有信号肽,但在100~122个氨基酸处以及98~122个氨基酸处分别有由里向外、由外向里的跨膜螺旋区,二级结构以α 螺旋为主。氨基酸序进行同源性列比对表明与人、猕猴的亲缘关系最近,和牛蛙的亲缘关系最低只有35%。荧光定量PCR结果表明,α1 血红蛋白基因在肌肉中表达量最高,在胃中最低。     

硼泥在道路基层中的应用

利用水泥、粉煤灰和石灰等材料对硼泥进行固化,可形成硼泥固化土.不同材料的掺入比对硼泥固化的强度和水稳性有较大的影响.通过大量的室内试验,确定合理的配合比,使固化后的硼泥强度水稳性满足道路基层的要求.通过4 a的工程应用,用固化砰泥作道路基层,道路使用情况良好,完全满足设计要求.     

Effects of physical form of starter and forage provision to young calves on blood metabolites,liver composition and intestinal morphology

This study evaluated the effects of physical form of starter feed and forage provision on the performance, blood metabolites, liver composition and intestinal morphology of dairy calves. Individually housed calves (n = 52; body weight = 41.5 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly allocated (n = 13 per treatment) to one of the following four treatments: (i) ground starter feed (GS; mean particle size = 0.72 mm in diameter), (ii) textured starter feed (TS; mean particle size = 3.61 mm in diameter, including steam‐flaked corn and barley), (iii) pelleted starter feed (PS; mean particle size = 4.53 mm in diameter) and (iv) ground starter feed with chopped alfalfa hay (GS + AH; mean particle size = 1.02 mm in diameter). The calves fed GS + AH diets had greater (p < 0.01) starter intake, final body weight and average daily gain compared with the other groups, while GS and TS groups both had greater (p < 0.01) starter intake than the PS group. Feed efficiency was found to be better (p < 0.05) in the TS group than in the GS or PS group, but not different from the GS + AH one. Compared with the other groups, the GS + AH group had the highest (p < 0.01), while the PS one had the lowest (p < 0.01) concentrations of blood glucose and triglyceride. The calves fed GS + AH had the highest blood concentrations of total protein, globulin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), T3 : T4 ratio (p < 0.05) and levels of fat and glycogen in the liver (p < 0.01) compared with the other groups. The highest (p < 0.05) liver glycogen contents were observed in the GS + AH and TS groups. The duodenum, ileum and jejunum in the calves fed GS + AH exhibited a greater muscle layer thickness (p < 0.05) compared with the other groups. Based on the results obtained, the addition of dietary forage to starter diets positively influenced performance, liver composition and intestinal morphology in developing calves.     

腐霉利在水溶液中的光化学降解研究

研究了3种浓度的腐霉利在3种光源下的光化学降解途径,并考察了溶液pH、硝酸盐和H2O2对腐霉利水溶液光化学降解的影响。结果表明,在3种光源下,腐霉利水溶液的光解符合一级动力学反应。腐霉利的光解速率在紫外灯下是高压汞灯下的近2倍,其半衰期在高压汞灯下为43.6 min,在紫外灯下仅为28.2 min;以高压汞灯为光源,在浓度2～8 mg.L-1范围内,腐霉利的光解速率与其初始浓度呈负相关;随着溶液pH的增大,腐霉利的光解速度加快;硝酸盐对腐霉利的光解表现为光猝灭效应;而H2O2对腐霉利的光解有显著的光敏化作用。     

Milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a tool to investigate ovarian cyclicity of water buffaloes in relation to body condition score and milk production

Background

Application of assisted reproductive technologies in buffaloes is limited to some extent by farmers’ inability to detect oestrus because of its poor expression. The present study aimed at investigating reliability of a milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the ovarian cyclicity during post partum, oestrus and post-breeding periods in water buffaloes.

Methods

Progesterone concentrations were measured by an ELISA in milk of 23 postpartum buffaloes in relation to oestrus, pregnancy, body condition score (BCS) and milk production. Two milk samples were taken at 10 days intervals, every month starting from day 30 and continued to day 150 post partum. BCS and milk production were recorded during sample collection. Milk samples from bred buffaloes were collected at Day 0 (day of breeding), Days 10–12 and Days 22–24. Defatted milk was preserved at −80°C until analysis. Pregnancy was confirmed by palpation per rectum on Days 70–90.

Results

Seventeen buffaloes had 47 ovulatory cycles, one to four in each, 13 were detected in oestrus once (28 % oestrus detection rate). Progesterone concentration ≥1 ng/ml in one of the two 10-day-interval milk samples reflected ovulation and corpus luteum formation. The intervals between calving to first luteal activity and to first detected oestrus varied from 41 to 123 days (n = 17) and 83 to 135 (n = 13) days, respectively. Eight buffaloes were bred in the course of the study and seven were found pregnant. These buffaloes had a progesterone profile of low (<1 ng/ml), high (≥ 1 ng/ml) and high (≥ 1 ng/ml) on Day 0, Days 10–12 and Days 22–24, respectively. Buffaloes cycling later in the postpartum period had fewer missed oestruses (P < 0.05). Buffaloes with a superior BCS had a shorter calving to oestrus interval and produced more milk (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Milk progesterone ELISA is a reliable tool for monitoring ovarian cyclicity and good BCS may be an indicator of resuming cyclicity in water buffalo.     

番茄施用纪高氨基酸有机肥试验效果分析

通过纪高氨基酸有机肥对番茄应用的试验研究,结果表明应用纪高氨基酸有机肥能使番茄植株生长健壮,具有明显的增产抗病效果。     

压力平衡式旋塞阀结构特点及内漏处理方法

西气东输管道干线截断阀的旁通管道节流阀、放空阀,站场ESD放空管道放空阀,大量使用进口Serck Audco压力平衡式旋塞阀。针对站场ESD高压放空旋塞阀内漏故障频繁,常规处理效果不好的问题,分析了进口旋塞阀的密封及压力平衡结构特点,结合现场实践经验提出了注脂处理、解体维修、更换阀门、返厂维修等处理方法。旋塞阀频繁内漏的根本原因是旋塞表面本体磨损、划伤,导致密封失效。现场解体维修中,旋塞和阀体之间的间隙难以保证恢复至原始状态,旋塞经人工打磨很难达到原始匹配精度,多次解体后维修效果可能会更差,因此解体维修应谨慎开展。返厂维修消除了旋塞表面磨损、划伤,经现场试验验证可以解决阀门内漏问题,但国产旋塞阀及国内厂家维修后的进口旋塞阀均需增加旋塞大端泄压孔,才能消除旋塞自锁现象。大端泄压孔与介质流体直接接触,当阀门用于管道介质含杂质较多的工况时,不能避免杂质进入大端底部,旋塞阀的国产化研制应在这方面开展研究。(图4,参16)     

不同补饲水平对盘江黄牛放牧育肥效果的影响

选用60头盘江黄牛公牛,随机分为4个组(其中3个试验组1个对照组),在放牧情况下分别按每头每日2.0、2.5、3.0、0kg的水平补饲料料,90d的育肥结果表明：补饲组的增重水平和育肥效益,明显优于不补饲组,其中以补饲2.5kg组的效果最好,其日增重达到0.783kg,比对照组的0.231kg提高239%;育肥收入和日均收入分别为218.79元和2.43元,比对照组的145.53元和1.62元增加收入33.6%,表明放牧补饲能提高日增重,缩短养牛时间,增加养牛收。