凉水国家级自然保护区松鼠冬季重取区的生境特征

采用无线电跟踪观察和固定样地调查的方法,研究了凉水国家级自然保护区松鼠冬季重取生境特征。结果表明:松鼠的重取区集中在巢树附近40~60 m内的林隙中,重取区的乔木以针叶树为主,地面被覆苔藓及阔叶树落叶。重取区的冠层郁闭度和灌木密度均低于对照样地。重取生境的特征表明,空间记忆和视觉刺激是松鼠重取的可能机制。     

大肠杆菌毒力基因Colv、Stxs和HlyE的PCR检测(英文)

[目的]了解鸡源、猪源、食品源大肠杆菌Colv、Stxs(stx2、stx2e)、HlyE三种致病基因的存在情况。[方法]以44份鸡源、24份猪源、26份食品源的大肠杆菌菌株为试验材料,用PCR扩增方法分别对其Colv、Stxs(stx2、stx2e)和HlyE三种致病基因进行检测。[结果]检测的大肠杆菌菌株中,鸡源大肠杆菌菌株大肠杆菌素基因Colv检出率为25%,猪源大肠杆菌菌株大肠杆菌素基因Colv检出率为4.2%,食品源中没有检出;所有鸡源、猪源、食品源大肠杆菌菌株均没有检出类志贺毒素基因Stx2(Stx2e);鸡源大肠杆菌菌株溶血素E基因HlyE检出率为2.27%,猪源大肠杆菌菌株中没有检出,食品源大肠杆菌菌株溶血素E基因HlyE检出率为7.7%。[结论]大肠杆菌素基因Colv在鸡源和猪源大肠杆菌中有较高的携带率,溶血素E基因HlyE在鸡源和食品源大肠杆菌中也有一定程度的存在。     

中国美利奴羊(新疆型)皮肤组织GAPDH基因实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立

【目的】建立GAPDH内参基因实时荧光定量PCR方法,为进一步研究中国美利奴羊(新疆型)相关基因的定量表达奠定基础。【方法】采用中国美利奴羊(新疆型)皮肤组织为试材,根据Genebank中绵羊GAPDH基因序列,设计并合成一对引物,建立基于SYBR Green I染料技术的Real-Time PCR检测体系,绘制出标准曲线并对其熔解曲线分析。【结果】以cDNA为模板建立的标准曲线循环阈值(Ct)与标准cDNA模板在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,GAPDH基因标准曲线中模板拷贝数(X)与Ct值的关系为Ct=一3.679 51g/X+35.648,相关系数R=0.999 8;试验重复性好,批内和批间变异系数(CV%)分别为0.22%～3.45%和1.30%～4.89%。【结论】所建立的方法具有快速、线性范围广、重复性强等特点,GAPDH可作为内参基因用于绵羊相关基因的定量表达研究。     

外源褪黑素对铜胁迫下大豆幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

目的 研究在铜(Cu)胁迫下,褪黑素对大豆Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.生理特性的影响,为缓解重金属胁迫提供一定的参考。方法 采用盆栽试验,选用Cu敏感品种‘桂早1号’和耐Cu品种‘巴西13’,在0.5 mmol·L^-1 Cu胁迫下,施用100 μmol·L^-1褪黑素,探究褪黑素对大豆生理指标(根长、株高、鲜质量、叶绿素相对含量和Cu含量),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果 Cu胁迫下喷施100 μmol·L^-1褪黑素显著提高了2个大豆品种的根长、株高、鲜质量和叶绿素相对含量。Cu胁迫下施用褪黑素显著降低2个品种地上部、地下部Cu含量,‘桂早1号’降低25.01%、18.40%,‘巴西13’降低26.84%、20.28%。Cu胁迫下施用褪黑素,‘桂早1号’的地上部POD活性和‘巴西13’的地下部CAT活性显著提高,分别为56.84%和48.35%;‘桂早1号’和‘巴西13’地上部SOD活性分别显著提高19.07%和7.30%;地上部MDA含量分别显著减少8.05%和26.56%。单施褪黑素和Cu胁迫下施用褪黑素对2个品种可溶性蛋白含量无显著影响;而Cu胁迫下施用褪黑素,‘桂早1号’和‘巴西13’地上部可溶性糖含量分别显著提高149.70%和58.75%。结论 适宜浓度的褪黑素可以通过提高植株抗氧化酶活性,抑制膜脂氧化,减少对Cu的吸收和增加渗透调节物质等方式缓解Cu胁迫对大豆生长发育的影响。     

灌水模式对不同品种冬小麦群体生长特性和产量及蛋白质含量的影响

为筛选推荐节水高产品种提供依据,研究了不同灌水模式对冬小麦群体动态和产量及蛋白质含量的影响.以泰山23、泰山223、山农6号和石家庄8号为试验材料,设置3种灌水方式,印W1底墒水(生育期不浇水)、W2底墒水+春1水(拔节水-孕穗期)和W3底墒水+拔节水+开花水.主要研究了不同灌水方式下4个品种的产量构成因素、叶面积指数、干物质积累及籽粒蛋白质含量性状.结果表明,W1和W2、W3之间产量差异显著,W2和W3之间产量差异不显著,品种之间产量差异显著.叶面积和干物质积累量随着灌水次数的增加而增加,但不同品种之间表现不同,泰山23较其它3个品种变化较小.不同灌溉模式对试验品种均表现为随着灌水次数的增加蛋白质含量减少,W1显著高于W2和W3.根据本研究结果可知,说明泰山23具有较好产量潜力和品种适应性.     

玉米施肥存在的问题及改进措施

山西省原平市是国家商品粮生产基地(县)市之一。玉米为当地主要粮食作物,在农业生产中占有重要地位。笔者在多年的技术指导中发现原平市玉米施肥中存在一些问题,由此针对性地提出了改进措施,以促进科学合理施肥,实现玉米持续稳产、高产。     

不同地区红富士苹果品质比较

本试验对阿克苏和阿拉尔两个地区红富士苹果的内外在品质进行了全面的分析.结果表明:阿克苏红富士苹果的平均单果重大于阿拉尔红富士苹果,果形较端正,果形指数较低,果实呈扁圆形;色泽更为鲜艳,果点和果皮方面差别不大,两个地区红富士苹果的果点为小稀,果皮均为薄;可溶性固形物含量平均达16.87%,相差为3.42%;硬度较低,果心大小和汁液多少没有明显差别;阿克苏红富士苹果的品质比阿拉尔红富士苹果的商品性较好.红富士苹果在阿克苏大力生产最合适.     

Essential amino acids supplementation to practical diets affects growth,feed utilization and glucose metabolism‐related signalling molecules of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

Six diets were formulated to investigate the success of fish meal (FM) replacement by plant proteins; diet 1 reflected a commercial feed (8% FM), diet 3 contained 4% FM, and diet 5 was devoid of FM. Whereas, diet 2, diet 4, and diet 6 reflected diet 1, diet 3, diet 5, respectively, and supplemented with essential amino acid (EAA). At the end of 8‐week trial, there was no significant difference in survival rate. Significantly higher final weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were recorded in the group fed diet 2 compared with the other treatments (except diet 4) (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio of fish fed diet 2 was significantly lower than those fed diets 1, 3, and 5 (p < 0.05). The lowest feed intake and highest protein efficiency rate were found in fish fed diet 2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in whole body compositions between treatments. Plasma aspartate transaminases, alanine aminotransferase, and glucose were significantly affected by dietary treatments (p < 0.05), while plasma protein and albumin contents were not influenced by the treatments. The relative expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) (PIK3R1) in fish fed diet 3 (4% FM) were significantly down‐regulated compared with those fed diet 6 for TOR and diets 4 and 6 for PIK3R1 (p < 0.05). Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) and janus kinase 3 (JAK3) expressions were fluctuated, with the higher levels in fish fed diets 4 and 6. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that plant protein mixture supplemented with EAA could be used to substitute FM in practical diet for Megalobrama amblycephala.     

Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth,morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of antimicrobial peptides on growth, protease activity of foregut, the morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that the feed of antimicrobial peptides promote common carp growth, and the optimal dosage of antimicrobial peptides is 200–333 mg/kg in the common carp feed. The protease activity of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control and other groups (p < 0.05). The foregut villus height with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The crypt depth of 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly lower than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of villus height and crypt depth of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio with 600 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The IGF‐I gene expression level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group and 600 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β gene expression level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated up‐regulation of growth and immune related genes in antimicrobial peptides fed common carp. Correlation analysis showed that IGF‐I mRNA and IL‐1β mRNA were positively correlated with SGR. IL‐1β mRNA and FCR were significantly negative correlated. It indicated that growth and immune gene common regulated the growth of the carp under antimicrobial peptides intervention. In conclusion, antimicrobial peptides can improve growth and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp. Further studies using molecular biological technique or immunologic methods are required to conclude that antimicrobial peptides are beneficial in common carp.     

无乳链球菌GD201008-001二元调控系统RscSR的鉴定及其对细菌应激适应性和毒力特性的影响

为鉴定鱼源无乳链球菌GD201008-001二元调控系统(two-component system, TCS)RscSR并探究其功能,实验利用生物信息学方法预测到可能的RscSR,对其组成成分RscS和RscR的三维结构和保守结构域进行分析;构建基因缺失株ΔrscSR与互补株CΔrscSR,测定细菌的生长曲线,检测其耐酸应激、耐氧化应激、抗巨噬细胞吞噬和胞内存活能力,同时测定其对巨噬细胞的毒性和对小鼠的毒力。结果显示,RscSR具有典型的TCS结构特点,其中RscS具有组氨酸激酶结构域,RscR具有反应调节子结构;其编码基因缺失后,菌株耐酸、耐氧化、抗巨噬细胞吞噬和胞内存活能力及对巨噬细胞毒性均显著降低,而将该基因回补后各项能力均有所恢复;动物实验结果显示,野生株感染小鼠19 h内全部死亡,而ΔrscSR缺失株感染小鼠全部死亡时间为48 h。研究表明,RscSR在无乳链球菌应激适应性以及毒力方面发挥重要作用。