Two molecular transitions influence cardiac sodium channel gating

Sodium channels from diverse excitable membranes are very similar in their structure, yet surprisingly heterogeneous in their behavior. The processes that govern the opening and closing of sodium channels have appeared difficult to describe in terms of a single, unifying molecular scheme. Now cardiac sodium channels have been analyzed by high-resolution single-channel recordings over a broad range of potentials. Channels exhibited both complex and simple gating patterns at different voltages. Such behavioral diversity can be explained by the balance between two molecular transitions whereby channels can exit the open state.     

草莓miR156靶基因SPL9的克隆与表达分析

 【目的】从草莓中克隆SPL(SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like)转录因子基因SPL9,并分析其在草莓植株不同生长时期的表达水平及与miR156的表达关系,探讨SPL9在草莓植株生长发育中的作用。【方法】根据苹果SPL基因家族的保守序列设计简并引物,以草莓叶片为试材,利用RT-PCR克隆草莓SPL9基因片段,在此基础上利用RACE方法克隆SPL9的cDNA全长。利用实时定量RT-PCR技术分析草莓叶片中SPL9及miR156的表达水平。【结果】从草莓（Fragaria×ananassa）品种‘全明星’中克隆出SPL9基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为FaSPL9。其CDS长度为1 143 bp,编码381个氨基酸,与拟南芥AtSPL9、葡萄VvSPL9、枳PtSPL9、苹果MdSPL9以及玉米ZmSPL9的氨基酸序列同源性分别为：40.30%、64.57%、56.09%、70.33%,38.35%。FaSPL9有着高度保守的SBP结构域和一个双向核定位信号KRXXXRRRK。FaSPL9基因序列中包含miR156的靶位点,实时定量RT-PCR结果表明,在草莓植株的不同生长时期FaSPL9的表达量不同,且与miR156呈现相反的表达模式。【结论】从草莓中分离出FaSPL9基因,其作为miR156的靶基因,推测FaSPL9对草莓植株的生长发育具有重要的调控作用。     

土壤表面阿特拉津的紫外光解动力学研究

采用田间土壤，在人工光解装置箱中研究了在紫外光照射下土壤表面阿特拉津的光解行为以及影响其光解行为的因素。实验测得阿特拉津的光解速率常数为0．0953～0．1864min，光解深度为0．10～0．23mm，半衰期为3．7～7.3min。研究结果表明，土壤粒度、pH值、有机物含量、土壤湿度、腐植酸含量及表面活性剂含量均会对阿特拉津在土壤表面的光解产生影响。     

育成貂生长指标及其相互关系的研究

106头美洲水貂的后裔,根据性别分别测定其2.5、4,5、6.5月龄和屠宰取皮时的体长、胸围、体重及屠宰后肠道和楦皮的长度.结果表明育成貂的生长存在性别间的显著差异,公貂快于母貂(p<0.01).生长的最强时间在2.5～4.5月龄.随着水貂日龄的增长,体躯指数逐渐增加,体长与植皮长的相关程度也越来越高.体长、胸围与体重之间的相关系数分别为:公貂 0.7529和 0.6358,母貂 0.6606和0.5203。     

昆明地区菊花病毒病的调查与鉴定

 从昆明地区菊花种植较为集中的花卉基地和公园采集208份病毒症状明显的菊花病标样,通过鉴别寄主反应、电镜观察、血清学反应以及RT-PCR扩增,鉴定出危害菊花的病毒病原有:菊花B病毒（CVB）、番茄不孕病毒（TAV）、马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）、马铃薯X病毒（PVX）、黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）和烟草花叶病毒（TMV）,其中CVB为侵染危害菊花的优势病毒,占52.5%,田间多数情况下是与TAV,PVY,PVX等病毒复合侵染。     

沈阳市医疗废物处置及管理现状

通过对沈阳市医疗废物处置与管理现状的调查,分析了医疗废物处置与管理过程中存在的问题,并提出了相应的管理对策.     

农田氧化亚氮减排的关键是合理施氮

农业源氧化亚氮(N2O)排放量占全球人为源总排放量的2/3,是最大的人为排放源,氮肥和有机肥的施用是其主要贡献者。合理施氮是获得较高目标产量、维持土壤氮肥力和降低因施氮引起环境污染风险的关键,在减少农田土壤N2O排放、缓解温室效应中起重要作用。本文基于合理施肥的“4R”(Right amount,Right type,Right time,Right place)理念和技术,论述了施氮量与N2O排放量之间的数量关系,肥料品种、施肥时期和方法对N2O减排的影响。强调了氮素投入超过作物需氮量后,N2O排放量会呈现指数型增长;将施氮量控制在合理范围对N2O减排的重要性。建议在不同土壤-气候-作物体系下,同时开展产量、品质,氨挥发、硝酸盐淋洗、N2O排放和土壤肥力的长期系统研究,不能顾此失彼;形成同类地区能够机械操作的规范化种植模式与合理施肥措施,包括与其他农艺措施的配合,如轮作与耕作、灌溉、有机肥和秸秆还田、磷钾肥和中微量元素管理等,以实现产量、品质、效益与环境效应相协调的可持续集约化作物生产目标。     

Growth and fatty acid composition of sesame (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesamum indicum</Emphasis> L.) genotypes as influence by planting dates and nitrogen fertilization in semiarid region of Northwest,Pakistan

A field experiment was conducted on silty clay loam soil in the years 2011–2012. Two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars (Local Black and Local White) were evaluated using various 3 different sowing dates (20th June, 10th and 30th July) and four agrotechnical level (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha^–1) at New Developmental Farm The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates on growth, yield and oil fatty acid composition of two sesame cultivars grown under different nitrogen fertilization. Results showed that cv. Local Black was characterized by significantly higher content of oil (47%), seed yield (696 kg ha^–1) and oil yield (335 kg ha^–1) while cv. Local White had higher palmitic acid (8%) and linoleic acid (38.7%). Yield and its main components were positively affected by the earlier sowing date. With regard to fatty acid composition, a decrease in oleic and stearic acid and an increase in linoleic and palmitic acid were observed. At early sowing, oleic and palmitic acid decreased whereas linoleic and stearic acid increased. The decrease in the oleic/linoleic acid ratio observed at early sowing, suggests a possible role of temperature on the activity of oleate desaturase in the developing seeds. Intensive technology of cultivation (120 kg N ha^–1), compared to the economical technology (40 kg N ha^–1), significantly increased the seed yield of both sesame cultivars. This was due to higher number of branches, Capsules m^–2, capsules plant^–1, seeds capsule^–1 and 1000 seed weight (g). The intensive technology of cultivation had a beneficial effect on the content of palmitic acid, linolenic acid and oleic acid in sesame seed.     

农业科研计划项目管理的经验

本文根据地市级农业科研单位的实际及自身工作体会,提出了农业科研计划项目的管理新思路:深刻领会上级精神,做好项目的选题调研、包装、协调沟通和实施管理等工作,提高科技服务能力,为社会主义新农村建设提供科技支撑.     

4个微卫星标记对3个绵羊品种肉用性状多态性的研究

选用无角陶赛特、萨福克与中国美利奴肉用绵羊161只,经耳组织提取其基因组DNA,并通过4对微卫星引物对其进行PCR扩增,然后通过电泳分型、凝胶成像系统分析各位点等位基因及全部个体的标记基因型,计算基因频率、多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度等遗传多态性指标.结果表明,BM3413,BP33,MCM38,MCMA26位点的等位基因数分别为12、15、13、13,多态信息含量丰富,杂合度高,均属于高度多态性位点,用于绵羊肉用形状较理想的遗传标记.