Isolation and Characterization of GhLEA3 Gene from Upland Cotton and Its Expression in Response to Low Temperature Stress

[Objective] Based on the analysis of cotton GhLEA3 gene structure and its expression model in chilling stress, we investigated the resistance function of GhLEA3 in response to cold stress. [Method] We cloned GhLEA3 from upland cotton by homologous sequence cloning way. We analyzed the properties of the GhLEA3, and constructed phylogenetic tree by bioinformatics analysis. We constructed the transient expression vector 35S∷GhLEA3-GFP by In-Fusion connection technology and studied the subcellular localization of GhLEA3. The expression of GhLEA3 gene in leaves of TM-1 at three-leaf stage under low temperature stress treatments (4 ℃, 24 h) was performed. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated floral dipping method was used to transform the gene with expression vector 35S∷GhLEA3-GFP into Arabidopsis thaliana wild type. Low temperature germination experiment at 4 ℃ was conducted to verify germination ability of the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana T₃ seed. The transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings were treated at 4 ℃(low temperature), and all the leaves were taken to measure their electrical conductivity. [Result] The coding sequence of GhLEA3 gene is 1 218 bp, which encodes 405 amino acids. GhLEA3 protein includes 4 functional domains of PF02987. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the similarity of amino acid sequences between upland cotton GhLEA3 and Arabidopsis thaliana AtLEA3 was 52.6%. GhLEA3 might be mainly localized in vacuoles and small vesicles. GhLEA3 was up-regulated in leaves after low temperature treatment. The germination rate of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana of T₃ generation at low temperature was significantly higher than that of wild type, and its electrical conductivity of leaves after low temperature treatment was significantly lower than that of wild type. [Conclusion] GhLEA3 belonged to the member of LEA3 family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GhLEA3 had the closest relationship with AtLEA3. GhLEA3 was induced by low temperature stress and may play an important role in improving cold resistance.     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育基因BnaX.MS1.a的克隆及其amiRNA载体的构建

根据拟南芥MS1基因已知保守序列设计特异性引物,分离克隆甘蓝型油菜中与拟南芥MS1基因同源的基因片段。应用PCR-Walking技术获得甘蓝型油菜核雄性不育基因BnaX.MS1.a,其全长3 424 bp。BnaX.MS1.a基因与拟南芥MS1基因全长序列同源性为60.3%,编码序列同源性为89.5%。根据基因序列比对结果推测开放阅读框长2 004 bp,编码667个氨基酸,分子量为765 kD,等电点为8.01。BnaX.MS1.a基因编码的氨基酸序列与已知拟南芥MS1基因编码的氨基酸序列同源性达93%。构建BnaX.MS1.a基因的amiRNA载体转化甘蓝型油菜,旨在研发核不育基因工程油菜。     

福建省主要农作物比较优势分析

利用综合比较优势指数法,分析福建省2007～2009年间9类主要农作物生产比较优势,结果表明:茶叶、烟叶在福建省具有显著的比较优势;蔬菜、水果、花卉具有较强的比较优势;粮食、油料、麻类、甘蔗则不具备比较优势。     

玉米螟卵龄对玉米螟赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂种间竞争的影响

室内观察了松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生亚洲玉米螟卵的寄生行为,以及两种赤眼蜂在单独和竞争情况下的寄生及其子代蜂受寄主卵龄的影响。结果发现:松毛虫赤眼蜂完成1次寄生所需时间显著短于玉米螟赤眼蜂,而产卵次数占总寄生次数的比例(40.16%)显著低于玉米螟赤眼蜂(66.26%)。单独寄生时,玉米螟卵龄对玉米螟赤眼蜂的子代雌蜂数和子代蜂存活无显著影响,但对松毛虫赤眼蜂具有显著影响,且死亡蜂数量随卵龄增大而增多。在竞争情况下,两种赤眼蜂子代总雌蜂数均增加;寄生6h和36h玉米螟卵产出的子代蜂显著小于单独寄生时的子代蜂;寄生12h卵的子代蜂死亡数(21头)显著高于寄生其他龄期的卵,但在其他卵龄间无显著差异。     

TBTV卫星RNA不同分离物的序列测定及系统进化分析*

  利用RT-PCR方法对烟草丛顶病毒（tobacco bushy top virus,TBTV）卫星RNA不同分离物进行扩增和克隆测序,同时运用DNAMAN,MEGA,ClustalX等生物软件对TBTV和其它幽影病毒的卫星RNA核苷酸序列进行同源性比较,构建了幽影病毒属成员卫星RNA的系统进化树。E结果显示：TBTV不同分离物卫星RNA的核苷酸同源性为792%～990%。它们与幽影病毒属其它成员卫星RNA的核苷酸同源性为325%～441%。通过构建幽影病毒属成员卫星RNA的系统进化树可以看出：TBTV的卫星RNA与GRV的卫星RNA亲缘关系最近,与CMoMV的亲缘关系最远。     

复合型丸粒剂对防风种子萌发的影响

研究了复合型丸粒剂对防风种子发芽和发芽生理的影响。结果表明,防风种子经复合型丸粒剂处理后,种子活力、过氧化物酶和脱氢酶活性显著提高。丸粒化防风种子发芽集中度较裸种子显著提高,为裸种子的1.39倍。这说明复合型丸粒剂可有效改善防风种子的萌发。     

北京山区油松林净初级生产力对气候变化情景的响应

应用BIOME-BGC模型模拟北京十三陵林场油松林净初级生产力对不同气候变化情景的响应。在模拟时设置了本底、CO2浓度加倍、气候变化、CO2浓度和气候同时变化4类8种不同气候情景,其中气候变化设置为温度升高3.5℃、降水增加14%。模拟结果表明:1970—1988年油松净初级生产力(以碳计)的平均值为387.38g·m-2·a-1,有明显的年际变化。油松的净初级生产力正向响应了CO2浓度的倍增,但对净初级生产力积累效果不明显。在气候变化情景下,油松的净初级生产力反向响应了温度升高3.5℃情景,正向响应了降水量增加14%情景,且对降水量的响应十分明显,降水量是控制北京山区油松林净初级生产力的主要因子;CO2浓度、气候变化情景下,CO2浓度倍增和降水的增加会削弱它们对油松林净初级生产力的积累作用。     

城乡中小学教师收入差距原因分析及建议

目前我国城乡中小学教师收入存在着较大差距以及日益拉大的趋势,成为制约基础教育和谐发展的一个重要因素。其原因主要是现行的义务教育投入体制过度分权且重心偏低;教育法规政策的“弱法”地位不能有效控制城乡教师收入差距;教育政策的“城市化”倾向扩大了城乡中小学教师收入差距。因此,应建立以中央财政为主体的基础教育投入体制,完善各类教育政策法规,建立新的农村教师工资保障机制,以有效控制和缩小城乡教师的收入差距。     

牛耳枫提取物对甜菜夜蛾酚氧化酶的抑制作用

 【目的】筛选对甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua（Hübner)）酚氧化酶具有高抑制活性的化合物,寻找新型害虫控制剂的线索。【方法】以牛耳枫（Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth.）提取物Deoxycalyciphylline B和Methyl homosecodaphniphyllate为抑制剂,采用酶标仪微量法研究了其对甜菜夜蛾酚氧化酶的抑制活性及抑制类型。【结果】Deoxycalyciphylline B和Methyl homosecodaphniphyllate对甜菜夜蛾酚氧化酶的抑制中浓度(IC50)分别为2.439 mmol?L-1和0.879 mmol?L-1,2种化合物均为典型的可逆竞争型抑制剂,抑制常数（Ki）分别为2.051 mmol?L-1和1.269 mmol?L-1。【结论】2种生物碱对甜菜夜蛾酚氧化酶具有较好的抑制活性,可以以这2种化合物或其类似物为模板指导酶抑制剂的分子设计,是寻找新型害虫控制剂的重要途径。     

小反刍兽疫(PPR)和生物安全

从小反刍兽疲(PPR)的流行情况、临床症状和病理变化、传播途径、PPRV基因组的结构、PPRV的理化特征等方面进行了阐述,简要介绍了生物安全对控制PPR的意义,从外部生物安全和内部生物安全两方面提出了预防和控制措施,以期为养羊生产者提供参考.