Dr. H. Beta. Die Bewirthfchaftung des Waffers und die Srnten daraus,mit 40 Abbildungen in Holzfchnitt. Leipzig und Heidelberg. S. J. Winter’fche Berlagshandlung. 1868. 309 Seiten in 8. Breis Rthlr. 2 oder fl. 3. 30

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Starke Weisstannen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Modeling of the Contour Water Flooding Technology in Microcosms

Eurasian Soil Science - The results are presented of modeling the “contour water flooding” biotechnology aimed at cleaning heavily petroleum-polluted agrosoddy-podzolic soils (Albic...     

The Impact of Pesticides on the Microbial Community of Agrosoddy-Podzolic Soil

Eurasian Soil Science - The impact of three types of pesticides (herbicide metribuzin, insecticide imidacloprid, and fungicide benomyl) on the structure of microbial complexes and indicators of...     

Application of Geoelectric Methods for Mapping Soil Heterogeneity

Eurasian Soil Science - Application of a set of electrical methods used in geophysics—direct current resistance and induced polarization—for the purposes of mapping soil heterogeneity...     

Possibility of Reducing Soil Allelotoxicity for Grain Crops

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of experiments on possible reduction of soil allelotoxicity level for grain crops are presented. It was found that autoclaving of soils significantly reduces...     

以鸭脚稗秸秆和稻草作为粗饲料对杂交奶牛常量和微量营养素利用和产奶量的影响

在印度南部,鸭脚稗秸秆和稻草是主要的粗饲料来源。因此用鸭脚稗秸秆和稻草作为粗饲料饲喂杂交奶牛来研究营养利用率、产奶量和牛奶组成。每组日粮用精料、青饲料和粗饲料以30∶45∶25的比例组成(干物质)。在为期50d的消化试验中,每7d对饲料、饲草、粪便、尿液和奶液混合采样,进行常量和微量营养素的分析。鸭脚稗秸秆含有更高的粗蛋白质、钙、磷、镁、铜、锌和钴,稻草含有更高的酸性洗涤纤维、灰分和无水硅酸。饲喂鸭脚稗秸秆的奶牛干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和大多微量营养素(钙、磷、镁、锌、铁、锰和钴)的摄入量显著增高,并且,饲喂鸭脚稗秸秆的奶牛对干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的消化率显著增高,钙、铜、锰、钴的肠道吸收率也显著增高。在每组日粮中,微量营养素都能满足奶牛需要量,但稻草组钙含量(0.40%)低于鸭脚稗秸秆组(0.60%)。鸭脚稗秸秆组的平均产奶量(7.0L/头)高于稻草组(6.3L/头)。奶液组成没有差异,仅有乳脂率(4.7%和4.5%),稻草组偏低。上述结果表明鸭脚稗秸秆是一种优于稻草的粗饲料,当稻草作为唯一的粗饲料饲喂奶牛时,需要额外添加钙来满足产奶需要。     

Adenohypophyseal receptors for LHRH, pituitary content of gonadotropins and plasma concentrations of LH in cyclic, pregnant and postpartum beef cows

Adenohypophyseal concentrations of LHRH receptors, pituitary content of LH and FSH, and plasma concentrations of LH were determined in thirty Hereford, Angus or Hereford-Angus heifers that were randomly assigned by breed and weight to five periods including day 3 of the estrous cycle (CY), pregnant day 120 (P120), 200 (P200), 275 (P275), or day 2 postpartum (PP). Jugular blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 8 hr from all cows. Within 2 hr after completion of blood sampling, animals were slaughtered and the pituitary gland frozen at −196 C. LH pulse frequency/8 hr was reduced (P<.05) during gestation (.5, .2, and 1.5 ± .5/8 hr, for P120, P200, and P275, respectively) and PP (.5 ± .5/8 hr) compared to CY (7.8 ± .5/8 hr). Frequency of LH pulses/8 hr was not different (P>.1) among P120, P200 or PP periods but was different (P<.05) between P200 and P275. There were no differences in LH pulse height (P>.1) among periods; however, pulse amplitude was greatest (P<.05) at P120 (1.3 ± .2 ng/ml) and lowest between P200 and PP (.6 to .8 ± .2 ng/ml). Baseline concentrations of plasma LH did not differ (P>.1) among P and PP periods (.3 ± .1 ng/ml), but were lower (P<.05) than in CY animals (.7 ± .1 ng/ml). Concentration of adenohypophyseal LHRH receptors was approximately two-fold greater (P<.05) at P120 (25.85 ± 2.2 fmol/mg) than at all other periods (9.5 to 14.9 ± 2.2 fmol/mg). Pituitary content of LH was greatest at P120 (1.56 ± .11 ug/mg) and lowest (P<.05) at P275 and PP (0.46 to 0.52 ± .11 ug/mg). Pituitary content of FSH was greatest (P<.05) in P (12.7 to 17.0 ± 1.4 ug/mg) and PP (18.3 ± 1.4 ug/mg) vs CY (5.0 ± 1.4 ug/mg) cows and increased from P120 to PP (P<.05). Results indicate that physiological changes occurring during gestation may have an effect on subsequent function of the adenohypophysis in beef cows.     

Descriptive epidemiology of culling in dairy cows from 34 herds in New York State

Data on parity, disease, farmers' stated primary reasons for culling and stage of lactation at diagnosis and at culling were used to describe patterns of culling in Holstein lactations from 34 New York herds. Of 7763 lactations, 18.7% ended in culling [death (95 cows), sales for dairy purposes (104 cows), or slaughter]. The culling rates for specific reasons were: dairy purposes 1.3%, low production 3.8%, reproduction 4.8%, udder problems 4.0%, feet and legs 1.2%, old age 0.3%, accidents 0.3% and miscellaneous reasons 2.9%. Culling increased with parity (at least through Lactation 6) and primarily was due to production, reproduction and udder problems. Culling for these 3 reasons peaked immediately after calving, again between 151 and 240 days post-partum (poor milk production) and at >240 days post-partum (poor reproductive performance). First-lactation cows sold for dairy use tended to be sold in early lactation. Death in older cows usually occurred early in lactation and was due to udder problems or to miscellaneous causes.

Compared to lactations without the disease, lactations with a diagnosis of downer cow, clinical mastitis or treat problems were 3.5, 2.0 and 2.7 times more likely to end in culling, respectively. Among cows diagnosed with a disease and culled, many were culled the same day or within 30 days of the diagnosis. Such “immediate” culling upon diagnosis was especially typical of cows with milk fever, downer cow syndrome, left displaced abomasum, teat problems, and foot and leg problems (and for some cases of clinical mastitis), implying that these disorders led to “forced” culling, which was particularly costly to the farmers.