气候生态与栽培方式对砂梨生长结果习性的影响

在对地处同一纬度、不同海拔高度的利川市与荆州市的生态条件与砂梨栽培方式进行调查分析的基础上,探讨了气候生态条件和栽培方式对湖北省砂梨３个主栽品种黄花、湘南和长十郎的生长结果习性的影响。结果表明,鄂西南海拔１０００ｍ左右山地砂梨品种表现为干周大、树势强、物候期比江汉平原推迟１３～４０ｄ,相邻两物候期延长５～３１ｄ,树体生长期缩短２３～２５ｄ,新梢生长量、花序坐果率和花朵坐果率均极显著高于江汉平原,短果枝比例极显著低于江汉平原。两者对各品种之间的影响也存在不同程度的差异。     

Evaluation of genetic and non-genetic factors on foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus vaccine-elicited immune response in Hardhenu (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bos taurus</Emphasis> x <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bos indicus</Emphasis>) cattle

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of mammals and a major threat to animal husbandry sector. In India, vaccination with the inactivated trivalent (O, A and Asia1) vaccine is one proven way for protecting the livestock from FMD. However, many outbreaks have been reported in different parts of the country. Therefore, present study was aimed at elucidating the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on FMD viral vaccine-elicited immune response in Hardhenu cattle. The effect of season of vaccination was not consistent. The effect of status of animal was significant for all the pre and post AB titres except for pre AB titre of serotype O and post AB titre of Asia1.The estimates of heritability for response to vaccination were low to high ranging from 0.11 to 0.45. The highest heritability estimate was obtained for serotype O and the lowest for Asia1. The heritability estimates for pre and post AB titres ranged from 0.15 to 0.33. All the pre and post AB titres and responses to vaccination had genetic correlations ranged from high negative to high positive among them. Results of this study highlight the variation in vaccine response which needs to be further exploited on large-scale animal data for better immunization and protection against highly contagious viral vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals.     

多不饱和脂肪酸与免疫的关系

许多营养素如维生素、微量元素、某些氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸等都可以影响动物机体的免疫反应。脂肪酸是一种重要的营养素,是机体能量的主要来源,发挥着重     

A review on breeding and genetic strategies in Iranian buffaloes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bubalus bubalis</Emphasis>)

The aim of current study was to review breeding progress and update information on genetic strategies in Iranian buffaloes. Iranian buffalo is one of the vital domestic animals throughout north, north-west, south and south-west of Iran with measurable characteristics both in milk and meat production. The species plays an important role in rural economy of the country due to its unique characteristics such as resistance to diseases and parasites, having long productive lifespan and showing higher capability of consuming low-quality forage. In Iran, total production of milk and meat devoted to buffaloes are 293,000 and 24,700 tons, respectively. Selection activities and milk yield recording are carrying out by the central government through the Animal Breeding Centre of Iran. The main breeding activities of Iranian buffaloes included the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic trends for performance traits using different models and methods, estimation of economic values and selection criteria and analysis of population structure. Incorporating different aspects of dairy buffalo management together with improved housing, nutrition, breeding and milking, is known to produce significant improvements in buffalo production. Therefore, identifying genetic potential of Iranian buffaloes, selection of superior breeds, improving nutritional management and reproduction and developing the education and increasing the skills of practical breeders can be useful in order to enhance the performance and profitability of Iranian buffaloes.     

籽用西葫芦新品种比较试验

为了解决新疆昌吉地区籽用西葫芦品种繁杂、产量不高、效益不好等问题,从山西省引进10个籽用西葫芦新品种,通过田间试验比较分析了各品种的生育期、植物学性状、果实性状、籽粒性状、抗病性及产量等指标,初步筛选出3个适合新疆昌吉地区种植的籽用西葫芦品种,分别为籽瑞宝、ZHL-3和华仁九号,3个品种白粉病、病毒病发病率均在10%及以下,667 m~2籽粒产量175 kg以上。     

不同低温处理对桃1年生枝相对电导率的影响

以9个不同桃品种1年生枝条为试材。通过在-5℃,-10℃,-15℃,-20℃,-25℃,-30℃处理24h后,测定不同低温胁迫下桃枝条的相对电导率。结果表明:随着温度下降,相对电导率逐步上升,呈S型变化;不同桃种类间抗寒性表现为毛桃蟠桃油桃;不同熟期桃品种间抗寒性表现为晚熟早熟中熟;不同桃品种间依半致死温度其抗寒性表现为早露蟠桃金秋早金锦霞瑞蟠4号瑞蟠3号晚金大久保艳霞。     

绢丝昆虫茧丝蛋白酶抑制剂含量的比较分析

以 6种绢丝昆虫的茧壳为材料 ,对茧丝蛋白酶抑制剂的含量及热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明 :家蚕品种间茧丝蛋白酶抑制剂的含量差异极显著 ,外层丝中含量较多 ,F1代的含量呈双亲中间型 ,偏向于含量较多的亲本 ,雌雄间含量无显著差异 ;家蚕茧丝蛋白酶抑制剂对热稳定性较强 ;天蚕绿茧、野蚕的茧丝中有少量的蛋白酶抑制剂存在 ,蓖麻蚕的茧丝中有微量蛋白酶抑制剂存在 ,天蚕黄茧、柞蚕茧、樗蚕茧的茧丝中基本无蛋白酶抑制剂存在。     

Population genetic structure and landscape connectivity of the Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coluber constrictor flaviventris</Emphasis>) in the contiguous tallgrass prairie of northeastern Kansas,USA

The tallgrass prairie of North America has undergone widespread habitat loss and fragmentation (<4% remains). The Flint Hills region of Kansas and Oklahoma is the largest tallgrass prairie remaining and therefore provides an opportunity to study the population genetic structure of grassland species in a relatively contiguous landscape and set a baseline for evaluating changes when the habitat is fragmented. We adopted a landscape genetics approach to identify how landscape structure affected dispersal, population genetic structure, and landscape connectivity of the Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) across a 13,500-km² landscape in northeastern Kansas, USA. The racer population had high allelic diversity, high heterozygosity, and was maintaining migration-drift equilibrium. Autocorrelation between genetic and geographic distance revealed that racers exhibited restricted dispersal within 3 km, and isolation-by-distance. Significant isolation-by-distance occurred at broad regional scales (>100 km), but because of sufficient gene flow between locations, we were unable to define discrete subpopulations using Bayesian clustering analyses. Resistance distance, which considers the permeability of habitats, did not explain significant variation in genetic distance beyond Euclidean distance alone, suggesting that racers are not currently influenced by landscape composition. In northeastern Kansas, racers appear to be an abundant and continuously distributed snake that perceives the landscape as well connected with no cover type currently impeding snake dispersal or gene flow.