磷肥不同施用量对辣椒生长与产量的影响

研究了磷肥不同施用量对辣椒生长与产量的影响,以期为生产上辣椒科学施用磷肥提供参考依据。试验结果表明,施用磷肥对朝天椒的各项指标有一定的提高和改善,每667 m~2施磷肥50 kg时,朝天椒干椒产量最高,达351.60 kg/667 m~2。     

谷秆两用稻草粉替代麦麸栽培珍稀食用菌

为了解决食用菌生产中的“菌牧”矛盾，更好地发展食用菌业和畜牧业．我们利用谷秆两用稻草粉替代麦麸作培养料，栽培珍稀食用菌秀珍菇、金福菇、茶薪菇、真姬菇等。结果表明：用谷秆两用水稻“201”优质稻草粉50％代替栽培料中的麦麸栽培秀珍菇、金福菇、茶薪菇，生物效率分别提高了5．84％(差异不显著)、7．98％(差异不显著)和25．16％(差异极显著)；100％代替麦麸栽培真姬菇(占培养料总量的20％)生物效率减少3．68％(差异不显著)。同时降低栽培袋的污染率，降低培养料成本，节省了大量麦麸用作饲料粮，提高了经济效益和社会效益。     

梨采后阿太菌果腐病菌生物学特性及寄主范围测定

对近年来新发现的梨阿太菌果腐病菌(Athelia bombacina)的生物学特性及寄主范围进行了研究。结果表明,病原菌菌丝生长的最佳条件为PDA培养基,温度25℃,pH7,暗处理有利于菌丝生长,菌丝致死温度为54℃,10 min;担孢子最佳萌发温度为20℃,pH 6,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,光照对孢子萌发影响不明显,担孢子致死温度为52℃,10 min。该菌产孢的培养基配方为燕麦15 g、琼脂15 g、葡萄糖10 g、甘氨酸2 g、CaCO₃ 0.5 g、NaCl₂ g、水1 000 mL,pH 6。相对湿度95%以上,光暗交替及低温诱导均有利于产孢。离体果实接种的寄主范围测定结果表明,A. bombacina除侵染梨果实外,还可侵染苹果、草莓、樱桃、油桃、杏和枣等果实,但不侵染蓝莓、葡萄、橙和猕猴桃等果实,对山楂、橘和柚果实的侵染能力较弱,且对橘和柚的侵染仅限于果皮,不深入到果肉组织中,A. bombacina对梨、苹果不同品种的致病力差别较大。     

Protective effect and functional mechanism of curcumin on TNF-α induced neuronal damage in rat hippocampus

AIM: To observe the protective effect of curcumin on TNF-α induced neuronal damage in rat hippocampus and to explore the functional mechanism of curcumin. METHODS: The excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) was recorded in CA1 pyramidal layer of rat hippocampal slices with in vitro brain slices recording techniques. High frequency stimulation was given on Schaffer branches to induce long-term potentiation (LTP). After treated with drugs, the initial slope of EPSP in each group was measured and calculated. RESULTS: Compared to control group, TNF-α and N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) obviously inhibited the LTP in hippocampal slices of rat brain (P<0.05). Curcumin partly recovered the LTP, which was inhibited by TNF-α or NMDA, to near the control level (P>0.05). No effect of TNF-α, NMDA or curcumin on basal synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices was observed. CONCLUSION: Curcumin has protective effect on hippocampal neurons of rats. Curcumin can partly prevent the over-activation of NMDA receptor on neuronic membrane induced by TNF-α and maintain the long-term potentiation in neurons.     

Correlation between post-operation insulin resistance and intestinal barrier dysfunction in obstructive jaundice rats

AIM：To investigate the correlation between post-operation insulin resistance (IR) and intestinal barrier dysfunction in obstructive jaundice (OJ) rats. METHODS：The rat model of OJ was set up. The rats were randoml divided into control group (sham operation), OJ group, glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) group (challenged with GLP-2 by intraperitoneal injection) and insulin group (insulin subcutaneous injection). Peripheral blood was collected 1 d before operation and 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3 d and 7 d after operation. The IR index and the ratio of lactulose/mannitol (L/M) were determined. The concentration of serum resistin-like molecule (RELM) β was detected by ELISA. The relative mRNA level of RELMβ in terminal ileum enterocytes was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS：The IR index and the ratio of L/M in OJ group 3 d after operation were 10.1±1.8 and 0.66±0.08, respectively, which were higher than those at other time points (all P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between the changes of IR index and ratio of L/M was 0.86 (P<0.05). The IR index in GLP-2 group descended by 37.0% 7 d after operation (7.33±1.07 vs 4.62±0.53, P<0.05). The highest concentration of serum RELMβ was observed in OJ group 3 d after operation (0.69 μg/L±0.05 μg/L). The relative mRNA level of RELMβ in terminal ileum enterocytes was also increased obviously. The expression of RELMβ was obviously decreased in GLP-2 group and insulin group. CONCLUSION：There is closed relationship between post-operation insulin resistance and intestinal barrier dysfunction. The RELMβ is the point of intersection. Enterocytes are not only the source of post-operation insulin resistance but also the target organ.     

不同育苗方法对辣椒幼苗生长性能的影响

以贵州朝天椒遵椒2号为材料,研究露地撒播、露地营养块、不同基质配方漂浮育苗等方法对辣椒幼苗生长性能的影响。研究结果表明,漂浮育苗对缩短辣椒出苗时间、提高出苗率、提高幼苗的生长能力等均具有良好作用,其中以粉碎腐熟的玉米秸秆+蛭石处理的基质效果最佳,辣椒出苗率达到94.3%,播种50,60,75 d后株高分别达8.49,17.05,29.28 cm,茎粗分别达0.161,0.226,0.313 cm,主根长度13.38 cm,须根长度12.43 cm。     

有机酸对烟叶品质的影响及其在烟叶中的分布差异

综述了外源有机酸和烟草有机酸对烟叶品质的影响,以及不同类型烟草、不同烤烟品种、不同烟叶部位、不同产区、不同等级烟草有机酸的分布差异,提出除外源有机酸外各种不同的有机酸对烟叶品质和燃吸品质影响研究的重要性。     

文昌鸡FSHβ 5＇端单核苷酸多态性研究

研究运用PCR—SSCP法分析文昌鸡FSHβ基N5’端的多态性，并探讨多态性与早期产蛋性状的相关性。结果表明，文昌鸡FSHβ基因的5’端检测到3种基因型；BB型开产日龄（114．50d）早于AA（121．43d）和AB（118．29d）型，且BB型42周产蛋量（143．25个）显著（P〈0．05）高于AA（127．95个）和AB（128．81个）型。表明FSHβ可以作为文昌鸡早期产蛋量分子标记。     

不同转染介质对狂犬病病毒糖蛋白基因免疫的效应

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白 ( RGP) c DNA Bgl 片段 ( 1 .6 7kb)分别克隆进质粒 p GFP-Cl、p SV2 -dhfr和pc DNA3 ,构建了重组质粒 p GFP-C1 -RGP、p SV2 -RGP和 pc DNA3 -RGP,通过脂质体和聚乙烯亚胺 ( PEI)包裹后分别转染 BHK-2 1细胞和乳鼠脑内接种 ,3种重组质粒均能表达出 RGP。表达水平高低依次为 p GFP-C1 -RGP>pc DNA3 -RGP>p SV2 -RGP。 3种重组质粒分别以全裸质粒、质粒 -脂质体、质粒 -PEI形式 ,经骨骼肌免疫小鼠 ,间接 ELISA检测。结果显示 ,免疫鼠血清中特异性抗体水平明显高于对照组 ;80 %免疫小鼠能抵抗狂犬病病毒强毒的攻击。全裸质粒免疫诱生的抗体水平同其剂量相关 ;而以 PEI或脂质体作为转染介质、质粒接种量超过 2 0μg时 ,诱生抗体水平不再随质粒剂量增大而显著变化。质粒免疫后 1 50 d采用 PCR仍然能从注射部位检测到 RGP基因的存在     

Influence of SDD and caecostomy/colonic irrigation on gut endotoxin/bacteria translocation following acute severe pancreatitis

AIM: To observe the influence of the selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) and caecosomy/colonic irrigation on gut endotoxin/bacteria translocation following acute severe pancreatitis (ASP). METHODS: Twenty three pigs weighing 16-22 kg were divided into four groups. Group I (n=5): sham-control; Group Ⅱ (n=6): ASP-control; Group Ⅲ (n=6): gntamicin [(8.55×10⁵±5.70×10⁴)units/time] and nystatin [(1.37×10⁵±9.00×10³)units/time]were fed orally every 8 h for 1 week before the induction of ASP; Group Ⅳ (n=6): caecostomy was performed before the induction of ASP. ASP was induced by infecting 1 mL/kg BW of combined solution of 5% sodium taurocholate and (8-10)×10⁶ BAEE units/L of trypsin into pancreas via pancreatic duct. Systemic plasma endotoxin levels were quantified by the chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) technique. Specimens of tissue from mesenteriolum and mesocolon lymph nodes, lung, lymph nodes in hilus pulmonis, pancreas and the samples of both portal and systemic blood were collected before and at 72 h following ASP and cultured for aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria growth. Positive specimens were subcultured and the bacteria identified by standard procedure. RESULTS: Preventive SDD not only effectively reduced the amount of bacteria in stool (P<0.01), but also significantly reduced the levels of plasma endotoxin and the magnitude of bacteria translocation to the portal and systemic blood and the remote organs and tissues, for instance, mesenteriolum and mesocolon lymph nodes, lung, lymph nodes in hilus pulmonis, pancreas. Early caecostomy/colonic irrigation also significantly reduced the levels of translocated origin-endotoxin and bacteria after ASP. CONCLUSIONS: SDD and caecostomy/colonic irrigation effectively reduce the levels of plasma endotoxin and the magnitude of bacteria translocation to the portal and systemic blood and the remote organ, especially the latter will be of a great importance in the future clinical practice.