Fractalkine and CX3CR1 have intimate relationships with chemotaxis and adhesion of leukocyte

Fractalkine has been recognized as the first member of the fourth chemokine family recently and its receptor, CX3CR1, was ident ified afterwards. This pair of ligand/receptor play important roles in the migration and adhesion of peripheral leukocyte through different ways. They are also likely to be related to the embryogenesis and regeneration of several organs and may possess some functions in the central nervous system.     

转基因抗虫棉中棉所76高效制种技术规程

总结了优质抗虫棉中棉所76高效制种技术,包括：制种田的选择、前期准备、亲本种植与管理、制种程序及注意事项等关键技术。     

优质高产棉花杂交种中棉所101

简要介绍了中棉所101的选育过程、特征特性以及高效栽培技术要点。     

A rapid assessment of landscape biodiversity using diversity profiles of arthropod morphospecies

Context

The assessment of land-use impacts on biodiversity is one of the central themes of landscape ecology and conservation biology. However, due to the complexity of biodiversity, it is impossible to obtain complete information about the diversity of all species even for small areas, necessitating the selection of individual species or assemblages thereof as species surrogate. In parts of the world where taxonomic expertise is lacking, species identification has hindered progress in biodiversity conservation, and the only practical, relatively-accurate option, is the use of taxonomic minimalism.

Objective

We carried out a rapid biodiversity assessment based on three surrogates—land-use (driver-surrogate), terrestrial arthropods (species-surrogate) and morphospecies (taxonomic-surrogate)—to determine the impacts of land-use on biodiversity of the Western Region (Ghana), an area covering ~4 % of the West African biodiversity hotspot.

Method

We used diversity profiles to visualize the distribution of a total of 8848 arthropod individuals over seven land-use types which define the complete heterogeneity of the landscape.

Results

Here, we present both sample and asymptotic diversity profiles of arthropod morphospecies for each land-use type and the potential of each land-use type for conserving arthropods.

Conclusions

We conclude that (1) the morphospecies approach is useful for detecting differences in species diversity of land-use types; (2) the concept of asymptotic diversity may not be necessary for land-use based biodiversity comparison; and (3) maximum diversity profiles are useful for determining the land-use conservation values in cases where pristine areas are not available.

     

叶面喷施硝酸铵对两种黄瓜苗期生理指标的影响

以广泛种植的2个黄瓜品种"长春密刺"和"水果黄瓜"为试材,叶面喷施0.30%、0.60%、0.90%硝酸铵,研究了不同浓度硝酸铵对幼苗鲜质量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质及酶活性等生理指标的影响,为有效且合理地施用氮肥提供参考依据。结果表明:喷施硝酸铵可提高2种黄瓜幼苗的鲜质量,对叶绿素a含量影响不大,促进叶绿素b含量和叶绿素总量的增加;随着喷施硝酸铵浓度的增大,可提高2种黄瓜的游离脯氨酸含量,降低可溶性糖含量,对可溶性蛋白质含量影响不明显;随着喷施硝酸铵浓度的增大,2种黄瓜的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化趋势均为先增后降,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化趋势则呈现出先降后升,但较对照差异均不显著;"长春密刺"和"水果黄瓜"的叶面喷施硝酸铵最适浓度分别是0.30%和0.60%。     

南京城市化对极端气温的影响

为了科学认识城市化对极端气温的影响,利用南京地区3个城区气象站和3个周边乡村站1961—2005年日最高、最低气温资料,对比分析城市站和乡村站17个极端气温指数的平均值和变化趋势,并定量估算极端气温变化趋势的城市化影响及贡献。结果表明:近45年南京地区暖事件均为增加趋势,而冷事件多为减少趋势,最高气温、最低气温的平均值和极值均为上升趋势。城市站与乡村站相比,暖事件更多,冷事件更少,最高气温、最低气温的平均值和极值更大。城市化对极端气温变化趋势的影响有两大特点:城市化加速了极端气温指数的变化速率,使得暖事件、平均值、极值的上升趋势和冷事件的下降趋势变得更大;基于最低气温的极端气温指数变化趋势比基于最高气温的极端气温指数受城市化影响更显著。城市化贡献表现为:暖事件大于冷事件,最低气温极值和平均值大于相应的最高气温极值和平均值。     

棉花种质资源收集鉴定与创新利用

十二五期间通过对我国西南地区、南海诸岛、及国外野生棉起源中心实地考察和广泛征集,新收集国内外棉花种质资源1220份,其中陆地棉986份、海岛棉176份、亚洲棉58份,所收集种质均已入国家中期库保存。收集的棉花种质资源分别在河南安阳、海南三亚、新疆阿拉尔进行主要农艺经济性状鉴定和特性鉴定。通过SSR(Simple sequence repeat)分子标记、重测序等技术对收集到的种质进行了分子鉴定,筛选到大量与纤维品质、抗黄萎病、抗旱、抗草甘膦显著关联的基因。在收集保存的种质资源基础上,通过辐射诱变、远缘杂交、复合杂交创造出优质、高产、抗逆等优异种质资源。通过展示向全国科研院所及公司发放棉花种质19 191份次。     

西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌的种类和生物学特性,分别采用常规组织分离法和土壤混悬液分离法从宁夏、陕西和甘肃3个省区采集的29份疮痂病发病薯块和8份发病地块土壤中进行病原菌分离,并利用形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,从发病薯块和发病土壤中共分离到50株链霉菌Streptomyces spp.,通过回接法验证获得6株马铃薯疮痂病致病菌株。6株致病菌株的培养特性和形态特征差别较大;其中菌株G4-1、G9和SYN13不能以果糖和木糖为单一碳源,菌株SYNT3不能以棉子糖为单一碳源;除菌株NLG4-1外,其余5株菌株均能在络氨酸琼脂培养基上产生黑色素。经16S rDNA序列分析,菌株G4-1、G9与疮痂病链霉菌S. scabiei的相似率分别达99.47%和99.34%,菌株NLG4-1、SYNT3与S. enissocaesilis的相似率分别达97.90%和98.18%,菌株GBH2与加利利链霉菌S. galilaeus的相似率达99.93%,菌株SYN13与S. turgidiscabies的相似率达97.56%,表明西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌至少存在4个种。     

某增压器的整机动不平衡量偏大的工艺改进

通过对某四缸柴油机用增压器的整机动平衡通过率低的原因分析,找到影响整机动平衡的主要原因,通过工艺参数的调整,使整机动平衡达到设计要求.     

不同植物生长调节剂在‘夏黑’葡萄上的应用研究

以4年生避雨栽培的‘夏黑’葡萄为试材,研究不同植物生长调节剂配方和浓度对其果实品质的影响。结果表明：3种植物生长调节剂都能促进葡萄果实的膨大,而CPPU和TDZ对果实单粒重和纵横径的增大效果明显好于GA₃。此外,使用生长调节剂处理后的果实可溶性固形物含量均显著降低。相较于GA₃,CPPU和TDZ处理对果实可溶性固形物含量的影响更大。综合来看,‘夏黑’葡萄比较适宜在生产上采取2次GA₃处理模式,建议在盛花末期施用25 mg/L GA₃,10天后施用50 mg/L GA₃进行蘸穗处理。