文心兰新品种选育及比较试验

以文心兰南茜品种为原材料,筛选出自然变异优良单株博大1号,经组培扩繁获得新种苗,通过品种对比试验,对选育的新品种进行性状鉴定;再以引进的其他6个不同来源(品种)的文心兰产品为对照,在大田生产统一管理下,对植株生长、开花特性、切花等级、病虫害等进行比较。结果表明:7种材料中,博大1号整体综合性状优良,植株长势较为粗壮,全年感病率最低,仅3.4%,当年开花率最高,达81.96%,且具有较高的切花等级;切花后从新芽露出到花朵开放需要时间最短,仅175.1 d,切花株抽芽数最多,双芽以上株比例达92.5%,具有最高产的潜力。     

药隔期低温胁迫对小麦干物质积累、转运和分配及产量的影响

为探明药隔期低温胁迫对小麦产量的影响,以烟农19、新麦26为供试材料,在小麦药隔期进行不同程度(T1:2℃/4h、T2:0℃/4h、T3:-2℃/4h)的低温处理,研究药隔期低温胁迫对小麦干物质积累、转运和分配及产量的影响.结果 表明:药隔期低温胁迫显著降低小麦干物质积累量,不同抗倒春寒性小麦品种间干物质积累量存在差异,抗倒春寒性弱的小麦品种降幅更大.其中烟农19的T1、T2、T3处理分别降低33.4％、46.2％和54.7％,而新麦26则分别降低了50.1％、59.3％和72.4％.不同处理小麦籽粒、穗轴+颖壳、茎鞘+叶的干物质积累量均低于CK,且随着低温胁迫程度的加重呈明显降低趋势.小麦花前干物质的转运量、转运效率以及花前贮藏干物质对籽粒的贡献率均随着低温胁迫程度加重呈降低趋势.同时低温胁迫显著降低小麦籽粒和穗轴+颖壳的干物质分配比例,增加茎鞘+叶的分配比例.T1、T2和T3处理显著降低了小麦的穗粒数和千粒重及籽粒产量,烟农19的T1、T2和T3处理分别减产56.06％、86.36％和98.10％;新麦26的T1、T2和T3处理分别减产96.15％、98.07％和98.46％.药隔期低温胁迫显著降低小麦干物质的积累量、花前干物质的转运量、转运效率以及花前贮藏干物质对籽粒的贡献率和籽粒干物质分配比例,严重减少光合同化物向穗部的转运和分配,影响穗部小花的正常发育,从而导致穗粒数的减少,这是造成小麦减产的主要原因.     

基于灰水足迹的长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空分异特征

长江经济带面临水生态环境污染制约下的农业发展困境,水环境约束下耕地利用生态效率的提升成为平衡耕地利用中经济效益与生态效益的关键手段,对于探索生态可持续的耕地利用模式、实现农业绿色发展具有重要意义。该研究以灰水足迹为视角,基于SBM-Undesirable模型、空间自相关分析及马尔可夫链模型探明2000—2020年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空格局及演变趋势。研究表明：1）长江经济带2000—2020年平均灰水足迹值呈现先增后减趋势,2015年后下降态势更为明显。在空间上呈现为“东西高,中部低”的空间分布特征,灰水足迹高值区域主要集中在粮食主产区省份。2）2000—2020年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率持续下降,效率均值处于0.5～0.8之间,存在较大提升空间。在空间上呈现高值区域多沿水系分布的特点。3）长江经济带市域耕地利用生态效率存在显著空间正相关性,以研究时段演变趋势来看,耕地利用生态效率的演进存在路径依赖,难以实现“跨越式”提升。因受到邻域背景影响,在空间上易显现出“俱乐部收敛”现象,“高-高集聚”与“低-低集聚”分布更为常见。可在农业生产重点区域采用差异化精准农业模式,需重视区域间动态协同发展,完善联防联治的面源污染防控机制,积极引导耕地利用生态效率高值区域逐步形成集中连片,同时对于耕地利用生态效率低效区提供财政与政策支持。研究结果可为各地区探索耕地利用可持续发展模式与农业生产活动中水生态环境保护提供参考依据。     

Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效观察

目的观察Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固度定术对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者的临床疗效。方法对60例胸腰段脊柱爆裂性骨折患者进行前方减压、椎体间植骨、Z-形钛钢板内固定,术后卧床3周,3周后戴支架起床活动。结果随访平均12.5个月,术后CT或MR显示椎管内压迫去除,植骨愈合。脊柱后凸Cobb角较术前改善12.7°,无继发脊柱后凸畸形。神经功能较术前有1~2级以上的改善。结论Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固定术对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折减压彻底,固定牢固,不破坏后稳定结构,并能一期重建脊柱系列。     

Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in a species complex of stream‐resident galaxiids

Fish differentially provision resources to eggs and larvae to optimise survival during the critical early life‐history period. Resource allocation is limited by a trade‐off between egg size and fecundity, and the optimal strategy varies with habitat type. This study examines the consequences of egg size differences for the early life‐histories of four closely related galaxiid species which occur in contrasting habitat types on the South Island, New Zealand. Headwater species had substantially larger water‐hardened eggs, longer incubation times, and newly hatched larvae were on average up to 41% longer than lower catchment species. Significant interspecific differences in gape diameter, eye diameter and myomere depth were also observed. Swimming ability was positively associated with larval length at hatch. Interspecific differences in length and swimming ability were generally maintained throughout the larval period, despite larvae being reared under relatively benign conditions where many other studies suggest initial differences should disappear. These results demonstrate the consequences of differential maternal provisioning to the egg for larval traits. The larger larvae of headwater species are likely to be more resistant to starvation and have improved foraging ability compared to lower catchment species; traits which are likely to confer them survival advantages in the low productivity, food‐scarce environments they occupy. The smaller larvae of lower catchment species are likely to be a consequence of females investing in fecundity in these relatively resource‐rich streams.     

Nitrous oxide fluxes and denitrification sensitivity to temperature in Irish pasture soils

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from grazed pastures constitute approximately 28% of total global anthropogenic N₂O emissions. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of inorganic N fertilizer application on fluxes of N₂O, quantify the emission factors (EFs) for a sandy loam soil which is typical of large areas in Ireland and to investigate denitrification sensitivity to temperature. Nitrous oxide flux measurements from a cut and grazed pasture field for 1 year and denitrification laboratory incubation were carried out. The soil pH was 7.3 and had a mean organic C and N content at 0–20 cm of 44.1 and 4.4 g/kg dry weight, respectively. The highest observed peaks of N₂O fluxes of 67 and 38.7 g N₂O‐N per hectare per day were associated with times of application of inorganic N fertilizer. Annual fluxes of N₂O from control and fertilized treatments were 1 and 2.4 kg N₂O‐N per hectare, respectively. Approximately 63% of the annual flux was associated with N fertilizer application. Multiple regression analysis revealed that soil nitrate and the interaction between soil nitrate and soil water content were the main factors controlling N₂O flux from the soil. The derived EF of 0.83% was approximately 66% of the IPCC default EF value of 1.25% as used by the Irish EPA to estimate greenhouse gases (GHGs) in Ireland. The IPCC‐revised EF value is 0.9%. A highly significant exponential regression (r² = 0.98) was found between denitrification and incubation temperature. The calculated Q₁₀ ranged from 4.4 to 6.2 for a temperature range of 10–25 °C and the activation energy was 47 kJ/mol. Our results show that denitrification is very sensitive to increasing temperature, suggesting that future global warming could lead to a significant increase in soil denitrification and consequently N₂O fluxes from soils.     

一种用于桑RAD-Seq高通量测序的基因组DNA提取方法

[目的]筛选一种能够得到高质量桑树基因组DNA的方法。[方法]采用天根试剂盒法(Plant Genomic DNA Kit离心柱型),并稍加改进,从11个桑种的新鲜嫩叶中提取DNA。[结果]该方法简单快速,不需要复杂仪器,且能有效地除去桑叶中的多糖、多酚、蛋白质等杂质,得到的DNA能够满足RAD-Seq高通量的测序要求。[结论]建立了一种用于桑RAD-Seq高通量测序的基因组DNA提取方法。     

基于数字水印技术和多媒体内容认证的交易协议

基于数字水印技术和多媒体内容认证技术,提出买卖双方交互协议。该协议可以明确确认交易双方的身份,有效地防止了购买者水印被盗用的可能性,并很容易判定所购得的数字产品是否被篡改。     

高校图书馆读者资源开发及应用

阐述高校图书馆读者资源的重要性,分析读者资源的类型及其与传统资源相比拥有的特点,根据高校图书馆的两大读者资源,分别阐述怎样开发及应用教师资源和学生资源,探究读者资源可持续开发应用的有效措施。