Feline Panleucopaenia Virus—in vitro Comparison of Strains with a Mink Enteritis Virus

Abstract— —From liver and spleen emulsions of mink suffering from mink enteritis, a virus was recovered in tissue culture of kitten kidney monolayers. The cytopathic effect induced was indistinguishable from that described for feline panleucopaenia virus, and the virus had similar properties of chloroform, ether, acid and heat resistance. Serological comparison with 6 strains of feline panleucopaenia virus in vitro showed all viruses to have similar antigenicity. Résumé— —Un virus provenant des émulsions du foie et de la rate de vison souffrant d'entérite “de visons” a été recouvré dans des cultures de tissus de rein de chat. L'effet cytopathique induit n'a pas été différent du virus décrit dans la panleucopénie féline et ce virus possède des propriétés similaires de résistance au chloroforme, à l‘éther, à l'acide et à la chaleur. Une comparaison sérolo-gique in vitro avec 6 souches de virus de panleucopénie féline montra que tous les virus avaient un pouvoir antigenique similaire. Des rapports antérieurs avaient décrit l'isolement d'un virus provenant d'un léopard avec panleucopénie féline suspecte (FP), l'identification de ce virus comme agent causal de la FP chez les chats domestiques, des détails sur l'effet cytopathique (CPE) et une comparaison de ses propriétés avec celles d'une souche de virus provenant d'une rhinotrachéite virale (Johnson, 1964, 1965a, b, c, 1966). L'entérite du vison a été reconnue premièrement au Canada par Schofield (1949) et la similarité entre cette maladie et l'entérite féline (FP) a été reconnue par Wills (1952) qui montra l'existence d'une relation antigenique entre les virus de ME et FP dans les tests de protection croisé. Cette observation a été appuyée par les découvert de Wills et Belcher (1956) qui montrèrent que le vaccin FP protégeait le vison contre ME et les travaux de Burger, Gorham et Ott (1963) qui démontrèrent qu'un vaccin ME inactivé protégeait les chats contre FP. Myers et Fritz (1959) démontrèrent cependant des différences histologiques dans la muqueuse intestinale du vison infecté avec des tissus FP et ME, mais Myers, Albert and Brandly (1959) échouèrent de démontrer l'identité antigenique du FPV et du MEV chez le vison, par des tests de protection croisée. Plus récemment Gorham, Hartsough, Sato et Lust (1965) démontrèrent in vitro une parenté antigenique entre MV et FP, en utilisant un virus propagé par des cellules félines, considéré comme un virus FP. Antérieurement des comparaisons complètes de virus ME and FP in vitro ne furent pas possible. Seulement récemment le virus FP a été propagé dans des cultures de tissus (Johnson, 1965) mais une propagation du virus ME in vitro n'a pas ete rapportée. Le rapport présent décrit l'isolement d'un virus de tissus ME qui sérologiquement ne peut pas être différenciéin vitro d'autres 6 souches de virus FP, dans les tests de neutralisation croisée, mais qui est comparable au point de vue effet cytopathique et propriétés physiques. Zusammenfassung— —Von Leber- und Milz- Emulsionen von Nerz mit Nerz-Enteritis wurde in Gewebe-Naehrboden von Einzellagen von Nieren von jungen Katzen ein Virus gewonnen. Der zytopathische Effekt der damit erreicht erreicht wurde, konnte nicht von dem unterschieden werden, der fuer Katzen-Panleukaemie-Virus beschrieben worden ist; und das Virus hatte aehnliche Eigenschaften fuer Chloroform-, Aether-, Saeure- und Hitze-Widerstand. Serologische Vergleiche mit 6 Arten von Katzen-Panleukaemie-Virus in vitro zeigten, dass alle Viren aehnliche Antigenitaet hatten. Fruchere Berichte beschrieben die Isolierung eines Virus von einem Leoparden mit vermutlicher Katzen-Panleukaemie, die Erkennung dieses Virus als gelegentliche Ursache derselben Krankheit in Haus-katzen, Einzelheiten des zytopathischen Effekts, und ein Vergleich seiner Eigenschaften mit einer Kultur von Katzen-Rhinotracheitis-Virus (Johnson, 1964, 1965 a, b, c, 1966). Nerz-Enteritis wurde zuerst von Schofield (1949) in Kanada erkannt. Die Aehnlichkeit zwischen dieser Krankheit und Katzen-Enteritis wurde von Wills (1952) erkannt. Er zeigte, dass eine antigene Beziehung zwischen den Viren von Nerz-Enteritis und Katzen-Panleukaemie im “cross protection test” bestand. Diese Beobachtung wurde durch die ßefunde von Wills und Belcher (1956) unter-stuetzt, die zeigten, dass Katzen-Panleukaemie-Vaccine Nerz gegen Nerz-Enteritis schuetzten, und Burger, Gorham und Ott (1963), die demonstrierten, dass inaktivierte Nerz-Enteritis-Vaccine Katzen gegen Katzen-Panleukaemie schuetzten. Dagegen zeigten Myers und Fritz (1959) histo-logische Unterschiede in der intestinalen Mucosa von Nerz, das mit Katzen-Panleukaemie und Nerz-Enteritis-Gewebe infiziert war; und Myers, Albert und Brandly (1959) waren nicht in der Lage, antigenische Identitaet von Katzen-Panleukaemie-Virus und Nerz-Enteritis-Virus in “cross protection tests” in Nerzen nachzuweisen. Kuerzlich demonstrierten Gorham, Hartsough, Sato und Lust (1965) in vitro eine antigenische Beziehung zwischen Nerz-Enteritis und Katzen-Panleukaemie. Sie benutzten ein Virus, das in Katzenzellen erzeugt und wahrscheinlich Katzen-Panleukaemie-Virus war. Komplette in vitro-Vergleiche von Nerz-Enteritis und Katzen-Panleukaemie-Viren sind frueher nicht moeglich gewesen. Erst kuerzlich wurde Katzen-Panleukaemie-Virus in Gewebe-Naehrboden gewonnen (Johnson 1965); keine fruehere in vitro-Erzeugung von Nerz-Enteritis-Virus ist berichtet worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Isolierung eines Virus von Nerz-Enteritis-Gewebe, das serologisch nicht von 6 Arten von Katzen-Panleukaemie-Virus bei in vitro- cross Neutralisierungs-Tests unterschieden werden kann. Es ist in seinem zytopathischen Effekt und physischen Eigenschaften vergleichbar.     

Comparison of analgesic techniques for antler removal in halothane-anaesthetized red deer (Cervus elaphus): electroencephalographic responses

OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence for an analgesic effect of antler pedicle compression or lidocaine 'ring block' by comparing changes in median and spectral edge frequencies and total electroencephalographic (EEG) power during the application of each technique followed by antler removal. ANIMALS: Twenty-nine 2-year-old red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags weighing 106-131 kg each were used in this study. Stags were carrying immature growing antler suitable for commercial harvest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anaesthesia was induced using propofol (8.25 +/- 1.28 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (2.18 +/- 0.15 mg kg(-1)) and maintained with halothane in oxygen. End-tidal halothane (Fe'HAL), expired CO(2) tension (Pe'CO(2)), SpO(2), EEG, ECG, and direct arterial blood pressures were recorded continuously. Respiratory rate and somatic responses were recorded at specific time points. After stabilization of anaesthesia (Fe'HAL was approximately 0.8%) baseline data were recorded. Stags were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups; control, local anaesthesia, or compression band. One antler was removed 4 minutes after the application of treatment. Electroencephalographic responses to application of treatment and antler removal were analysed using area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Mean AUC was compared between groups using anova, and when significant differences were found, groups were compared post hoc with two-tailed t-tests. Significance levels were set at p 相似文献   

Site-specific adaptive remodeling of Greyhound metacarpal cortical bone subjected to asymmetrical cyclic loading

OBJECTIVE: To quantify geometric, inertial, and histomorphometric properties at the mid-diaphyseal level of left and right metacarpal bones (MCB) of racing Greyhounds. SAMPLE POPULATION: MCB from 7 racing Greyhounds euthanatized for reasons unrelated to MCB abnormalities. PROCEDURES: Mid-diaphyseal transverse sections of left and right MCB were stained with H&E or microradiographed. Images of stained sections were digitized, and cross-sectional area, cortical area, and maximum and minimum area moments of inertia of each bone were determined. Histomorphometric data (osteonal density, osteonal birefringence, and endosteal new lamellar bone thickness) were collected in 4 quadrants (dorsal, palmar, lateral, medial). Values were compared between limbs and among bones and quadrants. RESULTS: Cross-sectional area, cortical area, and maximum and minimum moments of inertia of left MCB-IV and -V were significantly greater, compared with contralateral bones. Overall osteonal densities in the dorsal quadrants of left MCB were greater, compared with lateral and medial quadrants. Also, percentage of birefringent osteons was significantly greater in the dorsal quadrant of left MCB-III, -IV, and -V, compared with the palmar quadrant. Thickness of new endosteal lamellar bone was not significantly influenced by limb, bone, or quadrant. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased cortical thickness and geometric properties of left MCB-IV and -V of Greyhounds, together with altered turnover and orientation of osteons in the dorsal quadrants of left MCB, are site-specific adaptive responses associated with asymmetric cyclic loading as a result of racing on circular tracks. Site-specific adaptive remodeling may be important in the etiopathogenesis of fatigue fractures in racing Greyhounds.     

Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension in dogs: 33 cases (1982-1998)

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and outcome in dogs with idiopathic intrahepatic portal hypertension. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 33 dogs. PROCEDURE: Medical records of dogs with portal hypertension of intra-abdominal origin were reviewed. Dogs with intra-abdominal portal hypertension of vascular causes or with hepatic histopathologic changes consistent with severe diffuse hepatobiliary disease were excluded. History and results of physical examination, clinicopathologic tests, diagnostic imaging studies, histologic examination, and treatment were summarized. Outcome was determined in 26 dogs. RESULTS: Dogs were referred most often because of ascites, intermittent vomiting or diarrhea, and polydipsia of several months' duration. Microcytosis, high serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities, hepatic dysfunction, urine specific gravity < or = 1.021, and abdominal transudate were the predominant clinicopathologic features. Microhepatia, abdominal effusion, and multiple anomalous venous anastomoses were the major findings of diagnostic imaging. Hepatic histopathologic changes were consistent with idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension and were indistinguishable from those of dogs with surgically created portocaval anastomosis. Outcome was determined for 19 dogs released from hospital; 13 dogs remained healthy with mostly palliative treatment for periods of 5 months to 9 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The clinical signs, clinicopathologic test results, portal pressure, and gross appearance of the liver of dogs with idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension may be identical to those of dogs with cirrhosis; therefore liver biopsy is crucial. Because the prognosis for idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension is generally favorable, owners of affected dogs should be discouraged from choosing euthanasia.     

Determination of the acid-base status in 50 horses admitted with colic between December 1998 and May 1999

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acid-base status and the concentration of organic acids in horses with colic caused by various disorders. Blood samples were collected from 50 horses with colic and from 20 controls. No intravenous fluids had been given prior to sample collection. Identified causes of colic included gastric ulceration, small intestinal volvulus, cecal intussusception, cecal rupture, colonic impaction, left dorsal colon displacement, right dorsal colon displacement, colonic volvulus, colitis, peritonitis, and uterine torsion. Thirty-seven horses recovered from treatment of colic, 8 horses were euthanized, and 5 died. Most cases were not in severe metabolic acidosis. In previous studies, most horses presented for diagnosis and treatment of colic were in metabolic acidosis and in shock.     

Vitamin-mineral supplementation and accelerated chilling effects on quality of pork from pigs that are monomutant or noncarriers of the halothane gene

We examined the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation of the finishing diet on growth and accelerated chilling of carcasses on carcass and muscle traits of halothane gene carrier and noncarrier pigs. Barrows and gilts that were either monomutants (MON, n = 49) or noncarriers (NON, n = 28) of the halothane gene were fed a standard finishing diet until they reached 86 kg. They then were randomly assigned to one of four finishing diets formulated to contain 11 IU/kg vitamin E (0), 311 IU/kg vitamin E plus additional vitamins and minerals (300), 611 IU/kg vitamin E plus additional vitamins and minerals (600), or 911 IU/kg vitamin E plus additional vitamins and minerals (900) until they were slaughtered (118 kg). Alternating carcass sides were assigned either a normal chilling procedure (NC, 4 degrees C for 24 h) or an accelerated chilling procedure (AC, -20 degrees C for 1.5 h and then 4 degrees C for 22.5 h). Supplementing vitamin E in the finishing diet increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of vitamin E in the longissimus muscle. Supplementing vitamin E in the diets of MON pigs did not affect color, firmness, or cooking losses of loins or color and firmness of hams. For the NON genotype, increasing the level of vitamin E in the diet decreased (P < 0.05) the percentage of PSE loins and hams. Color and firmness scores of the gluteus medius and longissimus muscles were improved 0.4 unit (P < 0.005) by AC compared with NC of carcasses. Loin chop juiciness and flavor were improved (P < 0.05) in the MON genotype for AC compared to NC. Accelerated chilling reduced (P < 0.05) the percentage of PSE loins from 38 to 17% and PSE hams from 32 to 10% for the MON genotype, but percentage of PSE was not affected (P > 0.05) by chilling treatment for the NON genotype. No interaction between diet and chill treatments existed for muscle quality traits (P > 0.05). Supplementing finishing diets of NON pigs with at least 600 IU/kg vitamin E, in addition to other vitamins and minerals, or accelerated chilling of MON carcasses can reduce the incidence of PSE pork.     

A retrospective study of clinical findings, treatment and outcome in 143 dogs with pericardial effusion

A retrospective study of 143 dogs with pericardial effusion is presented, including a statistical analysis of survival time. Cases were classified into those in which a mass was seen on echocardiography (echo-positive) and those in which no mass could be identified (echo-negative). Forty-four dogs were echo-positive and 99 were echo-negative. The median survival time (MST) was 1068 days for echo-negative dogs and 26 days for echo-positive dogs. Dogs with a history of collapse were more likely to present with a mass on echocardiography. Those presenting with collapse had an MST of 30 days compared with 605 days for those without collapse. Echo-negative dogs tended to present with ascites and generally had a larger volume of pericardial effusion. The median survival for dogs presenting with ascites was 605 days compared with 45 days for those without ascites. Among echo-negative dogs, 64 per cent had a relapse of their effusion. Subtotal pericardiectomy was performed in 31 echo-negative dogs. The procedure had a perioperative mortality of 13 per cent but provided a favourable long-term prognosis. Dogs undergoing pericardiectomy had a median survival of 1218 days compared with 532 days for those not undergoing surgery.