大兴安岭中段针阔混交林林分空间结构研究

大兴安岭中段森林曾经是内蒙古采伐强度最高的区域之一,通过天然林恢复以及"天保工程"的实施,森林质量得到一定程度的改善。以兴安盟五岔沟林场为研究对象,采用大样地调查法,设置面积为8.8hm2的针阔混交林样地,利用软件Winkelmass 1.0进行数据分析,对混交度、大小比数和角尺度3个空间结构参数进行研究。结果表明:1)该研究区树种所占比例从高到低排序为黑桦(52%)、兴安落叶松(17%)、白桦(17%)、蒙古栎(14%),以落叶阔叶林为主;2)整体林分大小分化差异较大,兴安落叶松为优势种,但数量少且混交度差,分布集中;3)整体林分空间分布较合理,接近随机分布。研究结果可为大兴安岭中段林区的经营管理以及人工抚育提供数据依据。     

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in swine under different breeding environment and abattoir in Beijing, China

This study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV in pig herds under different breeding environment and in abattoirs located in Beijing, China. In total 638 sera samples and 114 liver samples were collected for a serological survey and a RT-PCR assay, respectively. The average prevalence rate of HEV in pig herds in Beijing suburb were 47.5-100%. Seropositive rate was 76.6% for pig herds of large-scale and 90% for family-scale farms. For sera samples collected from abattoir, 127 samples (78.4%) were found to be positive. Among four liver samples (3.5%) that positive for HEV RNA detection, two strains of HEV has been identified. the two detected HEV sequences shared 99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with each other, and 76.4-81.0%, 76.5-76.8%, 75.7-79.0% and 85.2-96.4% with related strains representing genotype 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Further phylogenetic analysis revealed two HEV sequences belonged to genotype 4 and exhibited a high identity with strain JKO-ChiSai98C (95.4 and 95.7%), and with strains 87, 277 and 292 (96.1-96.4%) isolated from patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E in Beijing, China. The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of HEV in the pig herds were quite high. Additional public-health concerns might be placed on pork safety.     

青海省坎布拉国家地质公园旅游资源分类与评价

依据国家标准《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》(GB/T18972-2003)和改进后的菲什拜因-罗森伯格旅游资源评价模型,对青海省坎布拉国家地质公园旅游资源进行分类与综合评价研究。结果表明:坎布拉国家地质公园旅游资源类型丰富、主类资源等级优;旅游资源要素价值高、影响力大、特色鲜明;旅游资源开发条件良好;具有打造成为世界公园的实力。但是旅游资源开发程度低、旅游商品等级低、基础设施薄弱是公园旅游业发展的瓶颈。     

婴幼儿奶粉中多种掺假物近红外高光谱图像检测方法

奶粉市场是食品掺假行为频发领域,其中婴幼儿配方奶粉价格高,其质量是消费者、生产企业和执法部门关注的重点。近红外高光谱成像（Near infrared-hyperspectral imaging, NIR-HSI）技术结合化学计量学和机器学习算法可以检测奶粉中单一掺假物含量。基于NIR-HSI技术研究了不同品牌婴幼儿奶粉中多掺假物（三聚氰胺、香兰素和淀粉）的定量预测。对基于像素点预处理后的高光谱图像划分感兴趣区域（Region of interest, ROI）,提取ROI平均光谱。基于经典的过滤式特征选择算法拉普拉斯分数（Laplacian score）（无监督）和ReliefF（有监督）挑选建模关键变量,建立偏最小二乘回归模型（Partial least squares, PLS）。开发包含自定义选择层的一维卷积神经网络模型（One-dimensional convolutional neural networks, 1DCNN）。自定义层根据权重系数绝对值,可确定重要波长变量。Laplacian score-PLS模型对预测集中奶粉、三聚氰胺、香兰素和淀粉质量分数预测结果均方根误差分别为0.1110%、0.0570%、0.0349%和0.3481%。ReliefF-PLS模型对预测集中奶粉、三聚氰胺、香兰素和淀粉预测结果均方根误差分别为0.1998%、0.0540%、0.0455%和0.1823%。1DCNN模型对预测集中奶粉、三聚氰胺、香兰素和淀粉质量分数预测结果均方根误差分别为0.8561%、0.0911%、00644%和0.2942%。对Laplacian score、ReliefF和自定义选择层挑选出的前15个重要波长进行对比分析,不同特征选择方法挑选的特征波长子集有所区别,但都选择 1210、1474、1524、1680nm等附近波长。基于ReliefF-PLS模型的可视化结果表明了其良好的预测能力。     

胡萝卜心腐病病原菌鉴定

<正>胡萝卜富含多种维生素及胡萝卜素,在中国种植面积超40万hm~2。病害是影响胡萝卜储藏的重要因子。储藏期引起胡萝卜病害的病原微生物有真菌和细菌2类,分别以长喙壳菌Thielaviopsis spp.(李婕等,2014)和欧文氏菌Erwinia spp.(Farrar et al.,2000)为主。2017年7月,本课题组在河南省南阳市市售胡萝卜中发现一种心腐病病害,该病害外观不     

栽培技术对秀珍菇富集铅与镉的影响及培养基安全限量值的研究

采用棉籽壳与玉米芯作为原料,以秀珍菇“秀71”与“秀72”为供试菌株,设计3种培养配方调节棉籽壳与玉米芯构成比,使配方1、2、3中棉籽壳占比分别为53.6%、37.2%、24.3%,分别于第1茬、第3茬、第5茬收获,研究秀珍菇对铅、镉的富集规律,为平菇的安全栽培提供科学依据。结果表明:3种配方培育出的秀珍菇,子实体中铅与镉的含量均小于国家食品安全限量标准;对镉的富集能力大于铅。培养基配方、品种及收获期均能显著影响秀珍菇子实体中重金属含量;吸收铅与镉的能力均随着培育时间的延长而降低;“秀72”对铅、镉的富集能力显著高于“秀71”;配方2培育的同一种秀珍菇对铅的富集能力显著高于配方1及配方3,配方3培育的同一种秀珍菇对镉的富集能力显著高于配方1。“秀71”培养基中铅、镉的安全限量范围分别为0.891~3.284mg·kg^-1、0.049~0.052mg·kg^-1;“秀72”培养基中铅、镉的安全限量值范围分别为0.492~2.901 mg·kg^-1、0.039~0.045mg·kg^-1。     

QTL mapping and gene mining to identify genes on soybean (Glycine max) associated with NopB of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103

Soybean is a special crop that can utilize N₂ in the air via symbioses with Rhizobium spp. The formation of effective nodules is a complex process in which nodulation outer proteins (Nops) are determinants of establishment of a symbiotic relationship. We constructed a Sinorhizobium fredii HH103ΩnopB mutant. A nodulation test showed that the mutant had a negative effect on the Suinong14, ZYD00006, Dongnong594 and Charleston soybean lines. Recombinant inbred soybean lines were independently inoculated with the mutant and wild‐type strains, and five and four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by analysing the nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW), respectively. We chose one QTL that overlapped with other studies and a novel QTL identified in our study and selected six candidate genes for further analysis. The qRT‐PCR analysis showed that only changes in Glyma.17G166200 expression depended on NopB. Further analysis showed that Glyma.17G166200 encoded a protein with a D‐glucose‐binding domain and a serine‐threonine/tyrosine protein kinase catalytic domain that was involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway.     

灌溉方式对蔬菜灌溉质量的影响

为了解决灌溉方式与蔬菜种植种类和种植方式匹配不科学的问题,使灌溉技术发挥其应有的效用,从灌溉原理的角度出发,对传统灌溉方式的影响因素如田间灌溉入水口、供水量和田间坡度及现代灌溉方式(喷灌、滴灌)中灌溉水的覆盖面积及流量大小进行探究,分析在各类蔬菜种植中不同的灌溉方式对灌溉质量的影响。建议结合生产条件,合理选择灌溉方式来满足蔬菜生长,从而充分发挥灌溉水的利用效率。     

不同增温处理对伊犁甜樱桃露地栽培越冬能力的影响

对2年生甜樱桃幼树的主干进行了8种增温防护处理,经自然越冬后统计冻害情况,以期探究不同防护处理对甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)幼树越冬能力的影响。结果表明:培土+草帘子与培土处理可有效减轻甜樱桃幼树冻害的程度,主干树皮裂口、主、枝干韧皮部褐变防寒等级均为Ⅰ级,新梢枝条萌芽率呈极显著差异,与CK相比分别提高30.16%、26.11%,其中培土+草帘子处理的芽褐变率最低,仅为12%;草帘子、培土+毛毡处理的主干树皮裂口防寒等级为Ⅰ级,其韧皮部褐变均为Ⅱ级,新梢枝条萌芽率呈显著差异;塑料薄膜、毛毡、涂白剂、石灰水处理防护效果不理想,各形态指标冻害较为严重。试验表明,培土+草帘子处理下的甜樱桃幼树越冬能力最强,培土处理表现出防护效果次之,二者处理下可有效提高甜樱桃幼树的越冬能力,适宜在实际生产中应用推广。     

有机酸强化饲用玉米修复镉铅污染农田效果

为探究饲用玉米在有机酸强化下对镉铅污染农田的修复和改良效果,本研究采用田间试验比较了柠檬酸（CA）、酒石酸（TA）和聚天冬氨酸（PASP）强化饲用玉米的修复效果和经济效益。结果表明：3种有机酸均能够提高玉米的生物量和产量,与对照相比,产量增幅在2.92%~8.37%。施用有机酸后,玉米籽粒镉、铅含量分别在0.13~0.90 mg·kg^-1和0.06~0.25 mg·kg^-1之间,均符合国家饲料卫生标准（GB 13078—2017）,可作为植物性饲料原料;同时,玉米穗轴、秸秆和根中镉、铅含量较对照提升显著,秸秆和根对镉、铅的富集转运能力得到提高。按照修复0~20 cm耕层土壤计算,在酒石酸处理下,高玉2068和京科968分别对镉和铅提取量最高,达到了3.78 mg·m^-2和48.97 mg·m^-2,理论上最短13 a可使该农田达到安全利用类耕地标准。施用有机酸后,玉米成熟期土壤pH值下降了0.09~0.19个单位,有效态镉和铅含量最高增幅达到了52.37%和63.22%,提高了玉米植株的提取能力,进而降低了土壤中全量镉和铅的含量。从经济效益看,在有机酸处理下,种植裕丰303的投入产出比相对较高,在1.18~1.78之间。本研究证明高玉2068在酒石酸和聚天冬氨酸强化下修复效果最显著,而裕丰303在柠檬酸强化下虽修复年限较长,但具有较高经济效益,二者均可推广应用于重金属污染耕地的边生产边修复。