网室内棉花不育系蜜蜂授粉试验研究

本研究在网室内利用蜜蜂为6个棉花不育系材料授粉，以人工授粉作为对照，研究蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉在农艺性状等指标上的差异。结果表明，蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉的单株结铃数和空果枝数有极显著差异；不同不育系的单株结铃数差异极显著，果枝数有显著差异。晋56-1A、晋56-3A、晋56-6A的单株结铃数在蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉间有显著性差异，晋56-2A和晋56-5A的单株结铃数在不同授粉方式下有极显著差异；晋56-4A和晋56-6A的空果枝数有极显著差异。室内考种表明，蜜蜂授粉的衣分范围为26.3%～39.6%，人工授粉的衣分为29.4%～35.3%，人工授粉衣分范围相对较小。人工授粉的单铃籽粒数、制种产量均比蜜蜂授粉大，铃重、籽指、发芽率相差不大。蜜蜂授粉制种产量达人工授粉的80%左右；而制种成本可节约50%以上。因此，选择强群势蜂群、适时有效的虫害管理等措施，可提高棉花不育系制种效率，对棉花“三系”的发展有重要的推动作用。     

Functional porous carbons from waste cotton fabrics for dyeing wastewater purification

A new functional porous carbons (PC-WF) is prepared by activation-pyrolysis method use waste cotton fabrics (WF) as an abundant, cheap and available precursor for removal of Brilliant Crocein (BC-GR) and Cationic Red 2GL (CR-GL) from aqueous phase. The PC-WF was characterized by BET, FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques, the surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter was found as 1463.5 m² g^-1, 0.783 cm³ g^-1 and 2.14 nm, respectively. The influences on BC-GR and CR-GL adsorption of various experimental factors such as initial concentration and temperature were investigated. Adsorption kinetics was found to be best represented by the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption capacity was 319.8 mg g^-1 for BC-GR and 842.5 mg g^-1 for CR-GL at 30 °C, respectively. The results indicate that for waste cotton fabrics in particular, the practical application of this process to the production of porous carbon would be possible.     

仰角式三相分离增压一体化装置的研发与应用

大港油田以新技术、新工艺、新设备的应用为支撑,以集成化、橇装化为突破口,针对传统接转站存在的问题,研制了仰角式三相分离增压一体化装置。采用仰角式分离器,分离效率高,设备结构紧凑、体积小,通过合理布局将分离器与外输泵集成在同一橇块上,实现了油气水三相分离、就地切水、原油(液)增压输送等功能,且橇块体积小,集成度高。该装置在白一接转站得到应用,实现了白一接转站采出水就地处理回注、油气分输等功能,简化了白一接转站站内流程,对优化板桥油田以及系统节能降耗起到了很好的推动作用。     

基于RS与GIS的山东某煤矿区历史遗留损毁土地调查

我国地域辽阔，但可利用土地资源少，同时由于生产建设和自然灾害等，造成许多优质土地资源损毁。调查清楚土地损毁情况，采取针对性的土地复垦措施，在目前经济发展中显得尤为迫切。以山东某矿区为例，确定了历史遗留损毁土地的划定依据，利用RS与GIS等技术手段对矿区进行地表沉陷预计，用遥感影像提取土地利用变化情况，得到了历史遗留损毁土地的位置、面积和损毁类型等信息，为后期土地复垦与规划提供参考。      

Design and Experiment of Slave Computer Control System for Applying Variable-rate Liquid Fertilizer

In order to increase the applying rate of liquid fertilizer and reduce environmental pollution, a slave computer control system for applying variable-rate liquid fertilizer was designed. The system used SMC as core processor and electrically controlled pressure regulator as execution component. The characteristic equation of the system was obtained by using classical control theory. Results indicated that the characteristic equation met the requirements of routh-criterion, which indicated the working process of the system was stable. Performance of the slave computer was verified via bench tests. Results demonstrated that there was no significant influence on the response from interclass error. The fertilization error was less than 0.9, and the fertilization accuracy was larger than 97%. The liquid fertilizer emitted by the fertilizing devices had no significant difference in uniformity, which met the demands of the slave computer control system for applying variable-rate liquid fertilizer.     

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.