原木灵芝孢子研究：（Ⅲ）与木屑袋栽灵芝孢子的鉴别

原木灵芝孢子与木屑袋栽灵芝孢子可以鉴别如下:1.在扫描电镜下,前者形态饱满,后者大多数孢壁内陷;2.X-射线能谱面扫描分析结果表明,两者Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Fe、Ni等无机元素相对含量差异显著,前者Si、Ca含量较高;3.高效液相色谱分析结果表明,前者灵芝酸(Ganoderic acid)A、B等灵芝三萜酸含量较高,而后者未检出Ganoderic acid C;4.孢子粉经乙醚脱脂后用乙醇回流提取、浓缩成浸膏,前者提取率(固形物含量)达4.2％～4.8％,而后者仅为1.9％～2.1％。     

四种新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性及初级风险评估

采用饲喂管法和点滴法,分别测定了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒4种原药及其制剂对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的急性毒性,并采用危害商值(HQ)法进行了初级风险评价。结果表明:饲喂管法测得97.3%吡虫啉原药、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、96%噻虫嗪原药、30%噻虫嗪悬浮剂、97%噻虫胺原药、5%噻虫胺可湿性粉剂、96%啶虫脒原药及40%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂的经口毒性48 hLD50值分别为有效成分8.04×10-3、9.46×10-3、7.04×10-3、4.64×10-3、11.8×10-3、5.25×10-3、5.22和6.31μg/蜂;点滴法测得各药剂的接触毒性48 h-LD50值分别为有效成分2.46×10-2、1.33×10-2、3.63×10-2、9.27×10-3、1.52×10-2、2.21×10-2、5.82和5.07μg/蜂。按《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的毒性等级划分标准,啶虫脒原药及其可溶性粉剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为中等毒,其他6种药剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为高毒;根据危害商值(HQ),啶虫脒对蜜蜂为低风险,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺对蜜蜂均存在高风险。     

Effect of stachyose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation characteristics in broilers

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oligosaccharide stachyose enhances gastrointestinal tract health by fermentation and proliferation of desirable bacteria species and thus affects growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. 2. A total of 432 1-d-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated to one of 6 treatments, with 12 replicate pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. Chicks were fed a maize-hamlet protein 300 (HP300) basal diet with 0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 or 16.0 g/kg stachyose. A sixth diet contained no HP300 but soybean meal (SBM) and provided 8.7 g/kg stachyose and 3.1 g/kg raffinose. The duration of the study was 42 d. 3. Stachyose contents above 12.0 g/kg depressed group body weights, average daily gain and feed/gain but not feed intake during the whole experimental period. Broiler growth decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing stachyose content. No differences were detected between diets supplemented with 12.0 g/kg stachyose and SBM. 4. Nutrient digestibility tended to decrease but not significantly with increasing stachyose. 5. Stachyose content had no significant positive effects on caecal pH, microflora population and the resulting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites during the 42 d experiment, with only butyrate differing significantly in the initial period.     

2017年湖南省部分猪场临床病例分析

为了解湖南省当前猪病的总体流行情况,对2017年湖南省13个市州72个规模化猪场和15个散养户送检的87例临床病例,进行了实验室诊断和流行病学分析。结果显示：该省猪群疫病多以散发形式出现,以高热、腹泻和呼吸道症状多见,气温偏低或偏高季节发病率较高,保育猪发病率高于其他生产阶段猪群,尤其是存栏量小的猪群;共检出11种病原,其中猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（HPPRRSV）检出率最高,且多以混合感染形式存在。结果表明,湖南省猪群中病毒感染较为广泛,PCV2和HPPRRSV是主要感染病原,在气温偏低和高温季节,要特别注意加强猪病防控。     

玉米苗期杂草的计算机识别技术研究

利用计算机视觉技术和人工神经网络技术对识别玉米苗期田间杂草进行了研究。首先利用类间方差最大自动阈值法二值化杂草图像的超绿特征,再进行连续腐蚀与膨胀,然后根据长宽比、圆度、第一不变矩3个形状特征由BP网络识别出玉米幼苗,最后利用种子填充法从阈值分割结果中擦除玉米目标,剩余的就是杂草目标。研究表明,基于BP网络的杂草识别算法对玉米幼苗与杂草的正确识别率分别为87.5%和93.0%,处理一幅640×480像素的杂草图像平均耗时约为58 ms。     

受体牛不同处理方法冷冻胚胎移植效果研究

选择本地黄牛及其杂交牛为受体,在集中补饲添加维生素和微量元素的混合精料50～60天后,分别采用一次注射PG、二次注射PG、CIDR PG、CIDR PG VE四种方法进行同期发情处理,并设自然发情组作移植效果比较。结果4种同期发情处理后的发情率分别为:70.00%、85.71%、88.57%、86.70%,一次注射PG法的同期发情率明显(P<0.01)低于其它3种处理方法;二次注射PG、CIDR PG、CIDR PG VE及自然发情组的移植受胎率分别为:51.85%、52.00%、47.06%和47.34%,这几组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但它们的移植受胎率均明显(P<0.01)高于受胎率为38.89%的一次注射PG组。     

我国植物青枯菌的生化型和其他生理差异

作者比较研究了采自我国13个省(市、区)14种寄主植物上的80个青枯菌株对3种双糖和3种已醇的作用,并对其中44个有代表性的菌株进行了各种生理和生化特性测定,结果表明我国存在有4种生化型。大部分菌株属生化型Ⅲ和Ⅳ,其分布地区和寄主范围都相当广泛,是我国占优势的生化型。生化型Ⅱ主要分布在马铃薯上,同时在番茄上也有发现。桑菌株绝大部分属生化型Ⅴ,也发现有属于生化型Ⅲ的。有一马铃薯菌株 Po10除能使3种双糖产酸外,还能使甜醇产酸,但它的其他特性与生化型Ⅱ相同,因此把它当作生化型Ⅱ的一个亚型,定为生化型Ⅱ—1。生化型Ⅲ的青枯菌株在氧化海藻糖和肌醇方面、在脱氮作用和耐盐性方面,有明显生理分化。除生化型Ⅱ的菌株外,属生化型Ⅴ的桑菌株和生化型Ⅲ中的龙葵菌株亦适宜于27℃下生长。青枯菌引起含脂石蕊牛奶的酸碱反应似与细菌对乳糖的氧化产酸能力有关,亚洲变种的命名似不能成立。     

TGF β1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells and down-regulates TLR4 expression

AIM: To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on murine-derived dendritic cells (DC). METHODS: Murine bone marrow cells were cultured with GM-CSF and TGF-β1 to develop TGF β-DC. Then they were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The allogeneic stimulating capacity of DC was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) using BrdU ELISA method. IL-12 p70 protein was detected by ELISA and the expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on DCs were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and FCM. RESULTS: Compared to immature DC (imDC) cultured with GM-CSF alone, the expressions of CD80, CD86, I-Ab and CD40 in TGF β-DC were lower. The TGF β-DC was resistant to maturation by LPS. Maturation resistance was evident from a failure to up-regulate CMs, to stimulate larger T cell proliferation and to increase secretion of IL-12 p70. Down-regulation of TLR4 expression on TGF β-DC was also found. CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 inhibits the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on DC. It is resistant to maturation stimulus (LPS) and might be linked with TLR4 down-regulation.     

小麦白粉病菌有性阶段生物学特性研究初报

 小麦白粉病菌形成子囊孢子的必要条件之一是闭囊壳保持湿润。子囊孢子形成的温度范围为1~27℃,最适为11~15℃,紫外光、散光及黑暗无影响;酸碱度范围为pH3.2~9.2,以pH5.0~7.0最适。子囊孢子萌发的温度范围为1~36℃,最适为11~20℃;湿度范围为0~100%,以在水面及100%湿度时最高;黑暗及散光无影响;酸碱度范围为pH2.2~12.4,以pH5.0~8.0为最适。温度愈高、湿度愈大,病叶上的闭囊壳寿命则愈短。     

山药新品种‘桂淮6 号’

 ‘桂淮6 号’是从广西山药资源中选育而得。该品种早熟, 高产, 铁、锌含量高, 分别达20.2 mg/ kg 和12.0 mg/ kg , 薯皮鲜红色。