In vitro differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells

AIM: To explore the effects of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone on inducing mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into exocrine pancreatic cells in vitro. METHODS: E14 mouse ES cells were cultured in suspension to form embryonic bodies (EBs). The EBs were cultured with differentiating medium containing different concentrations of sodium butyrate, and the spontaneously differentiated ES cells were used as control. Exocrine pancreatic genes such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR at different time points to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time of sodium butyrate. Furthermore, activin A or dexamthasone was also used to explore the effects on exocrine differentiation. After that, the combination of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone was used to promote the differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from ES cells. During the differentiation course, the gene expressions of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR. Morphological changes were investigated by phase contrast microscopy. Amylase expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Exocrine pancreatic gene expressions such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected in spontaneously differentiated EBs. A relatively lower concentration of sodium butyrate with a shorter exposure time significantly promoted those above gene expressions as compared to that of spontaneously differentiated EBs. Activin A and dexamethasone induced upregulation of exocrine gene expression. The combination of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase. Under the treatment of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone, differentiated cells were polygonal in shape with large, round, and center-situated nuclei. According to the observation of immunofluorescence staining, amylase was positive expressed at the final stage. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that exocrine pancreatic differentiation of ES cells is induced by sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamethasone. The combination of pancreatic inducing factors improves the differentiating efficiency.     

苹果种质资源枝干轮纹病抗性评价

将田间自然发病抗性鉴定法与利用苹果轮纹病菌ZZ26人工接种枝条鉴定法相结合,对189份栽培种苹果种质资源进行了苹果轮纹病综合抗性鉴定,并根据抗病性鉴定结果对其进行抗病类型分类和评价。结果表明:不同苹果种质资源抗病性表现存在差异,但参试种质中未发现免疫种质。通过人工接种,189份苹果种质资源的抗病类型可分为:高抗(16个);中抗(75个);中感(81个);高感(17个)。通过田间调查,2012年得到抗病类型3种,即高抗(144个);中抗(44个);中感(1个)。2013年同样是3个抗病类型:高抗(14个);中抗(162个);中感(13个)。两年调查均无高感品种。2017年再次调查,结果显示田间调查与人工接种鉴定结果有随种植年限增加一致率逐渐提高的趋势,2012年为13.23%,2013年为38.62%,2017年则超过一半,达到57.14%。经过综合抗性筛选,最终得到表现一致性较好的高抗种质2份:北之幸和秦冠。     

烤烟优质高产栽培的生理基础研究 Ⅰ.烟草品种光温反应的发育特性研究

采用定日长与分期播种相结合的方法,研究了我国烟草现用主体品种的光、温反应的发育特性。结果表明:(1)较低温度可促进烟草花芽分化;(2)大多数品种对日长的反应不敏感,属日中性。另外,还研究了花芽分化的叶龄指标。     

酒精发酵饲料对延边黄牛产肉性能的影响

探讨了酒精发酵饲料对延边黄牛体尺、体重、血液组成及生产性能的影响。试验结果表明:(1)试验组的体高、体长、胸宽、胸围、坐骨宽、髋宽、尻长的增长量均高于对照组,其中体高、坐骨宽、尻长、胸围差异极显著(P<0.01)。体长、髋宽、管围差异显著(P<0.05);(2)试验组与对照组的日增重分别为0.98 kg和0.77 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);(3)血液指标中,试验组的血钙、无机磷、葡萄糖含量均高于对照组,其中无机磷、葡萄糖差异极显著(P<0.01),血钙差异显著(P<0.05),尿素含量低于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01),其余各血液指标均差异不显著;(4)屠宰试验结果表明试验组和对照组的屠宰率分别为57.24％和52.84％,净肉率为45.62％和40.94％,差异显著(P<0.05),眼肌面积为85.64 cm2和80.02 cm2,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

小麦新品种鄂恩5号性状表现及栽培要点

小麦新品种鄂恩5号集高产、稳产、多抗、广适于一体,分蘖力较强,成穗率高,穗层整齐,子粒饱满度好,农艺性状稳定,适宜长江中下游平原麦区单作或套作种植,在保证适时播种,密度合适,合理施肥,田间管理到位的条件下可获得高产。     

砂地柏化学成分及生物活性研究进展

对砂地柏(S abina vu lg aris A n t.)化学成分及其生物活性进行了较为全面的综述,重点总结、分析了该植物富含的萜烯类和鬼臼毒素类化合物的抗癌活性和杀虫活性的研究进展,并提出了进一步深入开展砂地柏杀虫作用研究和开发利用的思路及设想。     

钟花樱群落结构特征与物种多样性研究

通过调查野生钟花樱典型群落,分析了群落物种的组成、物种的生活型、频度分布规律与多样性指数,对群落的外貌和垂直结构及群落类型作了分析.结果表明:野生钟花樱群落木本植物组成有110种,隶属于41科.低频度、单属种植物较多,物种分布不均匀,植被分化和演化的趋势较大.钟花樱多生长在干扰后的林地或林缘,随着群落的自然演化有被其他物种替代的可能.适度干扰、开辟林窗有利于钟花樱的天然繁衍.     

毛豆用早熟高产抗病大豆新品种黑河24

黑河24是黑龙江省农科院黑河农科所,经有性杂交育成的大豆新品种.具有早熟、高产、抗病、质佳、适应性强、适于机械化栽培等特点,适于内蒙南部、辽宁等地做毛豆.生育日数110 d左右,需活动积温2 100℃.本文针对黑河24大豆主要特点进行分析,提出了在栽培技术上应注意的问题.     

湿地水稻生产外部成本的主要成因案例研究

洞庭湖区水稻生产的外部成本高达4.19×109元,其中包括因化肥使用、农药使用、水稻田温室气体的排放、稻田农膜残留、稻田潜育化、围湖造田,它们所带来的外部成本分别为1.53×108,4.93×108,1.23×109,6.4×107,1.56×108,2.1×109元.从人口和资源配置的两大手段——市场和政府干预入手,探索洞庭湖区水稻生产的外部成本成因.研究结果表明,人口压力、市场失灵和政府调控不力是造成水稻生产外部成本的主要因素.人的有限理性、耕地产权不明确、水稻生产的负外部性、信息不完全等是市场失灵的主要因素,家庭联产承包制隐含的环境问题、环境法律体系的不足和公众环境权力的缺乏、激励机制的缺乏是政府调控不力的主要原因.     

花后土壤水分胁迫对大麦旗叶蛋白质代谢及内源激素变化的影响

以防雨池栽的方式,研究了花后土壤水分胁迫对大麦旗叶蛋白质代谢及内源激素变化的影响。结果表明:土壤水分胁迫对旗叶蛋白质代谢影响较明显,干旱提高了旗叶可溶性蛋白含量;同时水分胁迫也提高了蛋白水解酶活性,且随胁迫时间的延长,蛋白酶活性呈增高趋势。这与土壤水分胁迫导致旗叶异戊烯基腺苷(iPA)含量下降、脱落酸(ABA)含量增加,从而引起旗叶早衰有密切关系。