3周龄断奶仔猪胰酶发育规律的研究

以 3周龄断奶仔猪为试验材料 ,研究了断奶对仔猪胰酶活性的影响。试验表明 ,3周龄断奶可以显著降低仔猪胰脏中胰淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、胰糜蛋白酶和胰脂肪酶的活性 ,且在断奶后 2周继续维持断奶时水平。断奶降低了小肠内容物中胰淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶的活性 ,但空肠和回肠胰蛋白酶、胰糜蛋白酶的活性在断奶后并未下降。     

Inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in PK-15 cells by small interfering RNAs targeting the Rep gene

Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. Both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. Currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. In this study, three siRNA expression plasmids (pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC) were generated to target three different coding regions of the Rep protein (Rep) of PCV. These siRNAs were used to inhibit PCV production in a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15 cells. Our results revealed that Rep gene expression was inhibited by pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC to different degrees. Moreover, our study also showed that the production of PCV1 and PCV2 was reduced by these siRNAs. pS-RepC, which targets the middle region of Rep gene, proved to be the most efficient siRNA for inhibition of Rep expression and viral production. Taken together, our data suggest that RNAi could be investigated as a potential treatment for PCV infection.     

松针褐斑病毒素诱发紫茎泽兰电解质渗漏对几种真菌的影响

松针褐斑病菌毒素是一种非寄主专化性毒素,能够伤害紫茎泽兰叶片,引起细胞电解质渗漏。电导率测定结果表明,毒素粗提液对紫茎泽兰的伤害活性最强,LA-I次之,LA-II最弱。孢子萌发试验和菌丝生长试验显示,紫茎泽兰电解质对青霉菌、木霉菌、尖孢镰刀菌、链格孢菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长都有不同程度的抑制作用,但是对泽兰尾孢菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长有促进作用。毒素粗提液对供试真菌的的孢子萌发和菌丝生长没有明显的抑制作用和促进作用。分析认为将松针褐斑病菌毒素与泽兰尾孢菌混和将可能提高对紫茎泽兰的除草效果。     

乳酸杆菌在畜禽生产中的应用效果

乳酸杆菌是动物自身肠道中的正常菌株之一，可以通过生物拮抗作用、改善肠道微生物的生态环境、增强肠道上皮细胞的屏障层及提高动物的免疫功能等机制而在畜禽生产中发挥其益生素的作用。许多试验及实际应用都表明了乳酸杆菌作为单一制剂或复合制剂中的一种可以提高畜禽生产性能、发挥预防及治疗腹泻的作用，被国内外公认为有效的益生素。     

让警犬技术强警增效——记全国公安科技工作先进个人

2007年2月27日至28日,全国公安科技大会在北京举行。2月28日,大会对被授予"科技强警示范城市"称号的城市和公安科技"突出贡献奖"、"科技英才奖"、"科技先进集体"的获奖者和单位进行了表彰。中共中央政治局委员、国务委员、公安部部长周永康为受表彰单位和个人颁奖。周永康部长要求,公安机关要把科技强警作为“一把手工程”,加强领导,加大投入,完善公安科技管理机制,推动科技强警的深入开展。要树立人才资源是第一资源的观念,造就一支政治坚定、技术过硬、工作规范、作风严谨的公安科技队伍。广大公安科技工作者要发扬严谨求实、艰苦创业、团结协作、拼搏奉献的精神,学习新知识,掌握新技术,成为科技专家、技术能手。在警犬技术领域,就有这样一些政治坚定、技术过硬的科技专家、技术能手在平凡的警犬技术工作中,做出了不平凡的的贡献。大会的众多科技精英中,来自警犬技术战线的5名科技工作者荣获"全国公安科技工作先进个人"称号。他们分别是公安部警犬技术学校副校长李泰山、公安部南京警犬研究所科研管理科科长刘湖、公安部南昌警犬基地犬病防治所所长徐玉生、公安部昆明警犬基地副主任唐树生、新疆生产建设兵团公安局警犬基地主任张学坤。     

新疆高羊茅种子发育生理生化变化的动态研究

在新疆塔里木农垦大学牧草试验站，对交战高羊茅种子发育过程中的生理生化变化进行了研究，结果表明，交战高羊茅种子发育过程中含水量是先慢后快阶段性下降，而种子干重则逐渐增加，种子在盛花期后22d达到生理成熟，含水量为52．29％，可溶性糖含量随种子发育成熟而逐渐降低，而淀粉含量则逐渐增加，但在发育后期它们含量变化有升降起伏，生长素和赤霉素含量变化总趋势是随着种子发育而降低，而脱落酸含量变化是先升后降。     

星星草对碱化土壤物理性质的影响

研究不同生长年限的星星草对碱化土壤及对应碱斑土壤的机械组成、土壤孔隙度、容重和含水量的影响。结果表明,星星草生长1、2和3年后,粘粒和细砂所占比例减小,而粗粉和细粉所占比例增大。土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度随着生长年数的增加呈不同程度的增加,而土壤容重则越来越小,>0.25mm的水稳定性团聚体随之增加。星星草地土壤含水量和田间持水量均高于碱斑土壤。星星草改善了碱化土壤结构、通透性、保水性和土壤物理环境。     

禽流感防制进展

禽流感（Avian influenza,AI）是由A型流感病毒所引起的禽类的一种传染病。能引起禽类呼吸系统到严重全身败血症等多种症状的烈性传染病。禽类感染后病死率很高,但对野生禽类多为不显性感染。自从1997年香港发生禽流感病毒H5N1亚型首次突破种属屏障感染人类并引起死亡以来,世界各国纷纷报道各种人禽流感病例的发生,人禽流感的关注程度也达到了前所未有的高度。近几年全球共有三大洲的19个国家和地区发生禽流感疫情。一些地区的疫情呈现蔓延的趋势,并且出现了人感染禽流感病毒的病例。禽流感不仅对养殖业造成重大损失,更对人类健康造成严重威胁。本文全面地介绍了禽流感的病原、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防制。     

Use of comparative proteomics to identify the effects of creatine pyruvate on lipid and protein metabolism in broiler chickens

Four hundred male chickens were selected to study the effects of pyruvate (Pyr), creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) and creatine (Cr) on the expression of hepatic mitochondrial and cytoplasm proteins associated with lipid and protein metabolism. Mitochondrial purification was accomplished using the two-step differential centrifugation and density gradient method, and the activities of organelle-specific marker enzymes were determined to assess the purity of the mitochondria. Proteins were extracted and fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the differential protein spots were assessed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. CrPyr reduced fatty acid accumulation by down-regulating adipose differentiation-related protein, inhibited ATP synthase expression, and reduced cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression, thus reducing the levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerol (TG) levels (thereby lowering fat and cholesterol deposition). CrPyr increased the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2B, calreticulin (CRT) and eIF3a, thus promoting protein synthesis. CrPyr up-regulated the expression of fatty acid-binding proteins, CETP and apolipoprotein A-IV in cytoplasmic extracts, and these proteins accelerated the decomposition of fatty acids and TG, thus reducing fat deposition. In conclusion, CrPyr plays an important role in lipolysis and protein synthesis, and this effect was more pronounced than was the effect of Pyr and Cr.