龙头企业与农户利益联结机制的比较研究——根据对四川省畜禽产业链的调查

根据对四川省畜禽龙头企业、合作社及养殖户的实地调研,发现不同的产品特点和产业发展阶段形成不同利益联结机制,这些机制具有不同的约束和激励效果,企业和农户的风险分担和利益分配关系也不同,并决定企业对原料产品质量安全水平的不同控制力。     

可怕的“生物入侵”

１ 生物入侵危害惊人 生物学家认为，生物入侵比直接危害人类健康的疾病更可怕。给英国养牛业造成毁灭性打击的疯牛病现在在比利时、法国、德国、爱尔兰、瑞士和葡萄牙均有报道。口蹄疫是一种全球范围内最具感染性的动物疾病之一，且很难被消灭。这种病毒主要通过直接接触或通过消化道、呼吸道传染，包括羊，牛和猪在内的偶蹄动物可以感染这种病毒。此病危害性极大，１９９７年台湾屠宰了３８０万头猪，损失达数十亿美元；韩国、日本和阿根廷则损失了大约７０万头牛。 西尼罗河脑炎是一种人兽共患病，已造成纽约地区７人死亡。这种病毒源朗…     

有机铬对奶牛的作用

奶牛在妊娠晚期、产奶早期、高温时期和运输过程中处于极度应激的状态下,生产性能、免疫力、繁殖性能均受到影响。近年来研究发现有机铬对缓解奶牛应激有显著的作用,本文将就此作一综述。     

新兴猪干扰素-β基因的分子克隆与序列测定

根据NCBI GenBank 上登载的猪干扰素β基因序列(S41178),设计一对引物,直接从猪肝脏提取基因组DNA,经PCR 扩增及扩增产物的克隆、测序,获得了新兴本地猪干扰素β全基因片段,其大小为561 bp,与NCBI GenBank上登载的猪干扰素β基因序列完全一致,为进一步研究和开发猪基因工程干扰素制剂奠定了基础。     

规模化肉鸭场污水污染物排放及其影响分析

为了解规模化肉鸭场污水污染物排放及其对水环境污染现状,本试验选择河南省5个有代表性的规模化肉鸭场,对其所排放污水以及附近水体中的化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、悬浮物(SS)等污染物含量进行了分析,并利用单因子污染指数法对其污染程度进行评价.结果表明:鸭场排放污水中COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP、SS的平均含量均超出《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》.其中COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP属于较严重污染,而SS属于严重污染.鸭场下游水体中COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP的平均含量均高出《地表水环境质量标准》,其中COD、BOD5、TP污染较严重,而NH3-N为严重污染.因此,规模化肉鸭场污水排放污染物指标全部超标,并且排放的污水对周围水环境造成不同程度的污染.     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

里氏木霉重组t-PA纯度、分子量及等电点鉴定

基因工程菌株里氏木霉(Trichodermareesei)生物合成的组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue-typeplasminogenactivator,t-PA)经分离纯化后,采用还原SDS-PAGE和非还原PAGE分析达到了电泳纯,采用Superdex75PrepGrade凝胶过滤色谱分析达到了色谱纯;采用还原SDS-PAGE分析其相对分子质量为6.6×104,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纤维蛋白自显影法检测其相对分子质量为6.6×104,与相关文献报道的一致。等电聚焦电泳测定其等电点为4.24。     

藏山羊乳主要营养成分及乳酶、乳清蛋白的研究

本文研究了分布于西藏和四川地区的藏山羊乳蛋白、乳糖和乳脂含量,并对乳中4种酶活力及乳清蛋白的组成进行了研究。结果表明:藏山羊乳中3种营养成分存在一定的地区差异,脱脂乳中乳酸脱氢酶,碱性磷酸酶,γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、乳过氧化物酶活力分别为81.9±37.8、7.7±3.5、437.4±93.0、532.7±202.6单位。乳过氧化物酶在体外可被10~(-5)M的硫氰酸根或乳酸根活化。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳可将乳LDH分出LDH_1、LDH_2和LDH_3三带,各带所占百分比例分别为50.6±4.5、31.6±4.2和17.8±3.3,提示乳LDH不是来源于血液。用SDS—PAGE可将乳清蛋白分出5条区带。     

EM在养羊业中的应用

EM是一种新的微生物制剂,在动物生产中有着广泛的应用.该文主要综述了在羊只生产中EM制剂对羊只的环境、生长、产品质量、繁殖率、疾病防治等方面的作用效果,为实际应用提供了参考.     

克伦特罗对绵羊肝脏血流量和氮代谢的影响

在4头门静脉、肝静脉、肠系膜静脉和股动脉上安装血管导管的绵羊中研究了克伦特罗（CL,0.8 mg/kgBW,肠系膜静脉给药,每天2次,连续5 d）对其肝脏生长代谢的影响。结果表明:CL对肝脏血流量影响较小。而在CL作用下绵羊血浆中尿素氮水平明显下降,肝静脉和门静脉血液尿素氮流量分别减少16.86％（P<0.01）和15.51％（P<0.05）。肝静脉多肽流量在CL处理期也较对照期下降38.71％（P<0.01）,门静脉处多肽水平处理期则与对照期相当。克伦特罗还增加绵羊肝脏IGF-I的合成和分泌,门静脉和肝静脉中的增加幅度分别为38.84％（P<0.01）和33.18％（P<0.01）。提示CL可通过增强对绵羊肝脏氮的储留及肝脏IGF-I的合成和分泌从而促进机体的生长代谢。