农业机械化组织模式及其分析

介绍和分析了国内外农业机械化的组织模式,认为组织化可以提高农业机械化服务产业的总体经济效率,也能够增加农机个体经营者的收益,同时也便于管理,减少管理成本.各地农机管理部门应重视农业机械化的组织问题,积极研究适合当地的农业机械化的组织模式,并采取适当的方法进行引导和扶持.     

DFC技术在农业机械设计中的应用

描述了面向成本设计(Design for cost)的概念以及我国农机行业的现状;通过对农机全生命周期的分析,阐述了在我国农机企业中实施面向成本设计的必要性;介绍了在农机设计阶段所需要的成本估算方法, 并提出了基于CAD/CAPP模型的农机成本估算框架体系,从而有助于提高我国自主品牌农机的市场竞争力.     

潜水泵扩张式喷嘴排液装置的优化设计与试验

针对泄漏液体严重危及潜水泵安全的问题,在原非扩张式喷嘴排液装置的基础上,优化设计了一种具有扩张式喷嘴的在线排液装置.为了比较分别具有扩张式和非扩张式喷嘴的排液装置性能的优劣,设计了这两种形式的喷嘴,并设计了4种不同尺寸喉嘴距及6种不同尺寸混合管直径的排液装置;对各种不同的排液装置在同一试验台上分别进行了试验.试验结果表明,当排液装置的扬程为6 m时,具有扩张式喷嘴的排液装置具有更好的排液性能,其最佳工作压力为0.3 MPa,最佳喉嘴距为1.67倍喷嘴喉部直径之长度,最佳混合管直径为2倍喷嘴喉部直径.与非扩张式喷嘴排液装置相比较,具有最佳尺寸的扩张式喷嘴排液装置可以更好地解决潜水泵液体泄漏问题.     

射流自吸喷灌泵喷嘴系数的理论推导与试验

为了研究射流式自吸喷灌泵射流喷嘴的内特性,利用流体力学基本原理,对射流喷嘴阻力系数、流量系数进行了理论推导.设计了4种不同尺寸的射流喷嘴,对4种喷嘴的阻力系数、流量系数进行了理论计算,得到了不同出口直径下各系数的变化规律.对分别安装4种射流喷嘴的喷灌泵进行了自吸性能的试验.结合试验结果和各系数的变化规律,分析了射流喷嘴阻力系数和流量系数对射流式自吸喷灌泵自吸性能的影响.结果表明,随着喷嘴出口直径的增大,阻力系数减小,流量系数增大,自吸时间缩短,但达到一定程度后,卷吸作用减弱,自吸性能变差.     

基于FLUENT的单-双涡室离心泵径向力分析

以某电厂3715L型脱硫泵为模型,应用商业软件FLUENT,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对单-双涡室离心泵内部流场进行模拟,分析了这两种泵静压力和速度场的分布规律,并对径向力进行了计算分析.通过对比分析发现,单涡室离心泵在非设计工况点时隔舌两侧区域出现较大压差,作用于叶轮产生径向力,小流量时叶轮出口出现不对称的高速流体;双涡室结构能够有效地改善非设计工况点时压水室能量的转化,小流量时叶轮出口的高速液体呈对称分布,从而降低了压水室压差,起到了平衡径向力的作用;通过计算发现,偏离工况点时双涡室结构设计能有效地减小径向力.数值模拟的结果与现有理论的基本吻合,实际运行情况稳定,可以为更好地认识和设计双涡室离心泵提供依据.     

直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮接触强度的有限元分析

针对采用传统经验公式分析计算齿轮泵齿轮接触强度存在计算过程相当复杂、繁琐,误差较大的问题.在分析齿轮受力情况基础上,采用有限元法对直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮接触强度进行计算,并与经验公式计算的接触强度进行比较分析.结果表明,两种方法计算结果基本吻合,证实了采用有限元法分析计算的可行性与优越性,为直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮的设计、选材提供了一种新的方法,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

大型竖井式贯流泵装置的数值模拟与性能预测

基于三维不可压流体的雷诺时均方程和Spalart-Allmaras方程湍流模型,采用SIMPLEC算法,对大型竖井贯流式泵站的全流道进行数值模拟,分析流道的流态和叶轮的静压分布规律,揭示竖井式贯流泵流道流体的流动机理;对泵装置的流量和效率进行预测,并与模型试验结果比较分析.结果表明：出水流道内的流动为轴向流动与环向旋转的螺旋形合运动;叶片的静压分布呈现较为明显的规律,升力面的静压整体上较吸力面要高,且叶片吸力面的静压等值线分布较升力面密.性能预测结果和模型试验结果吻合较好.     

大果沙棘籽和油的理化成分研究

本文对采于新疆青河的大果沙棘籽进行了理化指标的分析研究。结果表明：大果沙棘籽在粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量上优于中国沙棘,在脂肪酸组成、维生素E含量上与中国沙棘无明显区别。该结果为大果沙棘籽的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

认真惯彻中央农机补贴政策全面提升山西农机装备水平

实施农机购置补贴工作足中央强农惠农政策的重要内容.2009年中央和省进一步加大了对农机补贴的投入力度,中央财政给山西省安排农机补贴资金3亿元以上,省财政安排 3 500万元,为提高全省农机装备水平,加快新农村建设、发展现代农业奠定了良好基础.     

Effects of Dietary Binders on Survival and Growth Performance of Postlarval Tongue Sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Günther)

A 30‐d feeding experiment was conducted in tanks to investigate the effects of four different binders (2% in microdiet) on the survival, growth performance, and specific activity of digestive enzymes in tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, postlarvae (24 d after hatching, with initial average wet weight of 22.4 ± 6.65 mg [mean ± SD]). Five approximately isonitrogenous and isoenergetic microbound diets were formulated with carrageenan (Car), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMS), sodium alginate (SA), and gelatin (Gel) as binders, and a diet with no special binder as a control. A commercial diet (RQ Com., manufactured by Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan) was used as another tested diet, and Artemia nauplii was used as live prey control. The results showed that the survival of the fish fed SA diet (31.3%) was significantly higher than that of fish fed CMS (21.8%), Car (10.8%), and control (21.8%) diets (P < 0.05), but significantly lower than that of the fish fed the live prey (54.5%) diet (P < 0.05). The results of growth followed the similar pattern as that of survival, although there were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed SA, CMS, Gel, the control, and RQ diets (7.2, 6.8, 7.0, 6.9, and 7.3% per day; P > 0.05). However, fish fed Car diet had a significantly lower SGR (5.9% per day) than fish fed other diets. Percentages of secreted amylase in fish fed artificial diets were not significantly different, but fish fed artificial diets had significantly higher (P < 0.05) secreted amylase than live prey group. Percentage of secreted trypsin in fish fed SA diet (54.9%) was relatively higher compared with other binders, and not significantly different from RQ Com. and live prey treatments. However, trypsin in fish fed Car diets (29.3%) was significantly lower than in other groups. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the intestine and AP and leucine aminopeptidase N in brush border membranes in fish fed SA diet (264.6, 1882.8, and 187.2 mU/mg protein) were relatively higher compared with other binders. These results indicate that SA is one of suitable binders compared with carrageenan, CMS, and gelatin in microdiet of postlarval tongue sole.