鉴别H5亚型两种分支禽流感病毒双重实时荧光RT-PCR方法的建立及应用

为准确区分H5亚型禽流感病毒2.3.2.1分支和2.3.4.4分支的毒株,通过对GenBank和GISAID数据库中发表的以及本实验室保存的H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因序列进行比对,设计1对特异性引物和2条探针,建立了区分H5亚型禽流感病毒不同分支毒株的实时荧光RT-PCR方法,并对该方法的反应体系和反应参数进行了优化,同时开展了特异性和敏感性试验,以及临床应用检测。结果显示:该方法具有良好的特异性,与其他亚型禽流感病毒及常见禽病病毒无交叉反应;对H5亚型禽流感病毒2.3.2.1分支和2.3.4.4分支毒株的检测灵敏度分别为495.0 copies/μL和22.3 copies/μL;100份临床家禽拭子禽流感病毒检测结果与常规RT-PCR和病毒分离检测结果一致,符合率为100%。结果表明,该方法特异、敏感、准确、耗时少,同时还可区分不同分支,可应用于H5亚型禽流感病毒的准确、快速检测。     

Effects of Land Use on Hydrochemistry and Contamination of Karst Groundwater from Nandong Underground River System, China

The Nandong Underground River System (NURS) is located in Southeast Yunnan Province, China. Groundwater in NURS plays a critical role in socio-economical development of the region. However, with the rapid increase of population in recent years, groundwater quality has degraded greatly. In this study, the analysis of 36 groundwater samples collected from springs in both rain and dry seasons shows significant spatial disparities and slight seasonal variations of major element concentrations in the groundwater. In addition, results from factor analysis indicate that NO ₃ ^? , Cl^?, SO ₄ ^2? , Na⁺, K⁺, and EC in the groundwater are mainly from the sources related to human activities while Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO ₃ ^? , and pH are primarily controlled by water–rock interactions in karst system with Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ^? somewhat from anthropogenic inputs. With the increased anthropogenic contaminations, the groundwater chemistry changes widely from Ca-HCO₃ or Ca (Mg)-HCO₃ type to Ca-Cl (+NO₃) or Ca (Mg)-Cl (+NO₃), and Ca-Cl (+NO₃+SO₄) or Ca (Mg)-Cl (+NO₃+SO₄) type. Concentrations of NO ₃ ^? , Cl^?, SO ₄ ^2? , Na⁺, and K⁺ generally show an indistinct grouping with respect to land use types, with very high concentrations observed in the groundwater from residential and agricultural areas. This suggests that those ions are mainly derived from sewage effluents and fertilizers. No specific land use control on the Mg²⁺ ion distribution is observed, suggesting Mg²⁺ is originated from natural dissolution of carbonate rocks. The distribution of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ^? does not show any distinct land use control either, except for the samples from residential zones, suggesting the Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ^- mainly come from both natural dissolution of carbonate rocks and sewage effluents.     

机器视觉在幼苗自动移钵作业中的应用

该文提出了一套在自动幼苗移钵作业中用于幼苗生长状况检测的机器视觉系统。穴盘中幼苗的图像被采集和处理,识别出适合进行移钵的单元,用于自动幼苗移钵机的移钵作业。相邻单元的幼苗边缘重叠和叶片挤压会造成识别错误,在该研究中以番茄幼苗作为试验样本,使用基于形态学的分水岭算法处理来完成叶片边缘分割,提取每个穴孔中幼苗的叶片面积和叶片周长来确定适合进行移钵的单元。试验结果表明该机器视觉系统识别准确率达到了98%,应用于自动幼苗移钵机器人中可以很好地判断不同生长状况的秧苗生长质量。     

CmRT1, a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon in Castanea mollissima,is associated with a short-catkin mutation

Summary

Retrotransposons are major components of the genomes of most eukaryotic organisms and have resulted in the introduction of desirable traits in many crops, including fruit trees. Here, we describe a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon associated with a short-catkin mutant in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), resulting in catkins that are < 20% the length of normal staminate catkins. A partial sequence of the retrotransposon, named CmRT1, detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, and its complete sequence were determined from the genome of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) using improved Tail-PCR. CmRT1 was 10,067 bp in length and shared high homology in its predicted amino acid sequence and motifs with other Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons. The 5’ long terminal repeat (LTR) of CmRT1 contained a TATA box and several cis-elements that were predicted to be important for processes involving abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and auxins and in stress-mediated responses. Further characterisation of the transposition event that led to the short-catkin phenotype was performed using two pairs of primers that aligned with the flanking region of the LTRs. The expected PCR bands were observed only in genomic DNA from plants that showed the mutation. Finally, cloning and real-time qPCR analysis of an NADP-dependent alkenal double-bond reductase (CmADBR) target gene that was adjacent to CmRT1, revealed that CmADBR expression was significantly down-regulated in the short-catkin mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the CmRT1 retrotransposon is responsible for the short-catkin phenotype.     

组织培养生产高山红景天有效成分的研究──Ⅱ．高山红景天愈伤组织药用成分的检测

对高山红景天愈伤组织中有效成分红景天甙、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及氨基酸含量进行了检测．结果表明：愈伤组织红景天甙含量是天然根的５９．４％，具有ＳＯＤ活性，含有丰富的氨基酸等营养物质。     

规模水稻秧苗的运输优化研究

通过对规模水稻秧苗运输现状的阐述,了解规模水稻秧苗运输机械配套优化的薄弱问题。根据对规模水稻秧苗从大棚到本田运输系统的调研和分析,确定规模水稻秧苗运输的主要指标为载秧容量、运输距离、时间和路线等。以目标规划理论建立水稻秧苗大棚到本田的运输优化模型,并利用遗传算法求解得到优化方案,对提高规模水稻秧苗从大棚到本田运输效率具有重要的意义。     

基于Deeplabv3+模型的成都平原水产养殖水体信息提取

为应用深度学习和遥感影像实现养殖水体信息的快速提取,以成都平原为研究区,以Sentinel 2A和高分6号多光谱影像为数据源,基于国产开源深度学习平台PaddlePaddle训练Deeplabv3+语义分割模型,构建遥感影像的水体语义分割模型,用于提取成都平原养殖水体信息。Deeplabv3+方法的总体精度和Kappa系数分别达到94.14%和0.88,均高于归一化差分水体指数法和最大似然监督分类法;模型对阴影和建筑物等误分为水体的抑制效果较好,而对小面积和细小线状水体信息的提取则受影像分辨率影响,效果无明显改进;成都平原2018年和2020年养殖水体面积分别为22.3 khm²和28.6 khm²,其验证区青白江区、新津县和广汉市养殖水体面积的泛化提取结果验证误差均≤±10%。该研究结果可为应用深度学习平台建立遥感影像的水体语义分割模型及提取水产养殖水体信息提供参考。     

不同耕作制对水田土壤有效硅的影响

人工模拟试验结果表明,耕型旱地红壤改为不同稻作制后有效硅下降,其顺序为冬油>冬绿>冬泡,淹水植稻期间是前期明显增加,到分蘖末期达峰值,孕穗至始穗期显著下降,以后缓慢继续降低,到黄熟期降到最低值;早、晚稻期间比较,晚稻期明显减少,而不同耕作制相比,则冬泡制高于冬种制,另外,施用有机肥能使有效硅提高,且随用量增加而加大。     

光滑双向渐进结构优化法拓扑优化连续体结构频率和动刚度

针对双向渐进结构优化(bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization, BESO)方法的单元过删除问题,提出了光滑双向渐进结构优化(smooth bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization, SBESO)方法,通过引入权重函数更新单元的质量与刚度矩阵,控制单元删除率以使低效单元逐渐从设计域中删除。以连续体结构固有频率最大化为目标,提出了一种基于SBESO的频率优化方法,对比分析了常函数、线性函数和正弦函数等不同权重函数对连续体结构优化的影响。将等效静载荷(equivalentstatic loads,ESL)方法与SBESO方法相融合,提出了动载荷作用下连续体结构的动刚度优化方法。数值算例表明,SBESO方法通过调节单元删除率和权重函数,控制低效单元在结构设计域中逐渐被删除,有效抑制了单元的过删除问题。采用线性和正弦权重函数,更有利于获得连续体结构的频率最优拓扑解。随单元删除率的减少,动刚度最优拓扑解的结构边界逐渐光滑,而且逼近于同一构形。由此,所提出的SBESO方法完善了BESO方法的优化准则,对于解决连续体结构动力学优化设计问题具有较为重要的理论意义。     

基于多因素综合评价的居民点整理时序确定

为了科学确定农村居民点整理时序,构建了"潜力大小-斑块复杂程度-区位条件优劣"多因素评价体系,从农村居民点斑块形状复杂程度以及所处区位条件的优劣两方面分析其整理的难易程度和必要性大小,并将农村居民点分为"一级必要整理斑块"、"二级必要整理斑块"和"三级必要整理斑块",最后结合整理潜力分级结果将玉门市农村居民点整理划分为近期整理、中期整理和远期整理。结果表明:玉门市农村居民点潜力较大涉及22行政村,面积960.31 hm2,主要分布在昌马盆地区和花海绿洲平原区以及赤金-清泉绿洲区的部分行政村,潜力一般涉及32行政村,面积2 053.72 hm2,主要分布在玉门镇老城区以及玉门绿洲地区大部分行政村,潜力不大涉及3个行政村,面积304.90 hm2,主要分布在玉门新市区城市规划范围内的部分行政村;玉门市一级必要整理农村居民点斑块面积1 291.08 hm2,二级必要整理农村居民点斑块面积1 712.2 hm2,三级必要整理农村居民点斑块面积315.64 hm2。通过叠加居民点整理潜力及整理优先度分级结果图层,得出玉门市近期需整理农村居民点426.05 hm2,中期需整理635.40 hm2,远期需整理2 257.48 hm2。该文研究结果可为农村居民点整理时序确定提供一个新思路,为玉门市农村居民点整理规划提供决策依据。