我校植物生产类本科专业实践教学课程考核评价标准体系探索

建立我校植物生产类本科专业实践教学课程考核评价标准体系,介绍其使用方法和考核重点,并举例说明和分析。     

微波法提取西藏芫根多糖的工艺研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验,对微波法提取芫根多糖的工艺进行研究,得到了最佳工艺条件：料液比1∶24,微波处理时间10min,微波功率450W,浸泡时间90min。在此条件下,芫根多糖的提取率为9.13%。试验结果显示微波法与热水浸提法比较,具有提取时间短、提取效率高的优点。     

通过优化gRNA设计提高CRISPR/Cas9系统中基因编辑效率的方法

CRISPR/Cas9系统是一种广泛应用于动物、植物、真菌、细菌的新一代基因定点编辑技术,如何提高g RNA的编辑效率是该技术的关键点也是许多研究者关注的焦点。本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术对番茄miR167a前体序列进行基因编辑,根据番茄miR167a前体序列在线设计候选g RNA,同时结合体外编辑检测的方法筛选出能够在体外成功编辑的g RNA-G1,把其连接到含有荧光标记的pP1C.1C表达载体,转化番茄子叶,产生愈伤组织数116个,得到5个含有表达载体的材料,经测序发现,其中3个材料发生了编辑。结果表明,通过体外检测和在线软件设计相结合的方法来快速检测g RNA的编辑效率,能筛选出最优的g RNA用于载体的构建,与未采用体外编辑检测来设计g RNA的方法相比,显著提高了CRISPR/Cas9的编辑效率。本研究通过优化g RNA,创新了一种高效利用CRISPR/Cas9进行基因编辑的方法。     

长江经济带国家级自然保护区内社区居民现状与发展对策

中国自然保护区多处于地理位置偏僻的贫困落后地区,且在有关法律条文规定下,居民对保护区内资源利用受限,特别是核心区和缓冲区中众多的社区居民给自然保护区管理带来压力,自然保护区保护与社区经济发展之间的矛盾日益凸显。文中通过对重点区域长江经济带国家级自然保护区内居民现状进行调查和分析,探讨不同类型自然保护区内社区居民人口密度、经济水平和自然资源依赖程度的差异,并针对自然保护区内社区发展存在的主要问题包括人口众多、经济水平受限等,提出降低保护区内人口密度、多形式提高居民收入、发展生态旅游和加强可持续经营管理等建议。     

果园喷雾机自动对靶喷雾控制系统研制与试验

为提高农药利用率,减少环境污染,该文针对中国果园机械化作业条件差和传统果园喷雾机连续喷雾时存在果树间空隙无效喷雾的特点,设计了自动对靶喷雾控制系统,该系统以GY8履带自走式果园喷雾机为载体,采用传感器测距方式探测果树,实现自动对靶喷雾。通过对超声波、红外和激光3种传感器进行性能比较,及对超声波和激光2种传感器进行静态识别间距测试与分析,红外传感器受光强影响较大,超声波传感器识别间距超过800 mm,均不满足果园精确对靶喷雾控制要求,激光传感器静态识别间距只有20 mm,具有工作稳定、响应快速、方向性好等特点,故将激光传感器选为自动对靶喷雾机探测装置,并将激光传感器安装于喷头组件前方220 mm。采用连续3次检测靶标判别法设计了自动对靶喷雾系统,该系统可有效避免因激光光束较细而导致的将树冠内空洞、枝间间隙等误判为果树间空隙而出现的电磁阀频繁启闭动作。行驶速度为0.5 m/s时,自动对靶喷雾控制系统的动态靶标识别间距介于100~150 mm之间,行驶速度1.0 m/s时,动态靶标识别间距为200~250 mm。此外,该系统还具有提前及延后喷雾功能,自动对靶喷雾系统提前靶标95.0~157.5 mm距离开始喷雾,离开靶标100 mm距离停止喷雾,使喷雾完全覆盖整个树冠。与连续喷雾相比,对靶喷雾可有效节省施药量,对于空隙比为20.0%、35.2%、52.9%靶标行枣树,行驶速度为0.5 m/s时省药率分别达27.9%、53.7%、76.9%,行驶速度为1.0 m/s时省药率分别达27.3%、54.5%、81.0%。因此,该自动对靶喷雾系统对稀疏果园的精确对靶病虫害防治具有较好的实用价值。     

基于Silverlight的多层架构遥感影像查询系统

随着需求日益多样化、复杂化,传统的Web版遥感影像查询系统,存在用户交互能力弱,服务器响应速度慢,离线操作能力差等弱点,而且传统的查询系统没有与农作物监测很好结合。针对以上不足,该文结合Silverlight技术、LINQ技术、WCF技术,运用多层架构思想,针对轨道固定和变化的2种卫星,设计了2种遥感影像数据的快速查询算法,建立了一个适合农作物监测的基于Silverlight的遥感影像查询系统。实验结果表明,该算法提高了查询的执行效率和系统的响应速度,系统响应时间比传统系统缩短了25%。同时增强了系统的离线操作能力,减轻了服务器的压力,能够较好地应对大量用户并发访问。该系统在遥感影像快速查询和农情监测及农作物估产方面有较好的应用前景。     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.     

Effect of stachyose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation characteristics in broilers

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oligosaccharide stachyose enhances gastrointestinal tract health by fermentation and proliferation of desirable bacteria species and thus affects growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. 2. A total of 432 1-d-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated to one of 6 treatments, with 12 replicate pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. Chicks were fed a maize-hamlet protein 300 (HP300) basal diet with 0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 or 16.0 g/kg stachyose. A sixth diet contained no HP300 but soybean meal (SBM) and provided 8.7 g/kg stachyose and 3.1 g/kg raffinose. The duration of the study was 42 d. 3. Stachyose contents above 12.0 g/kg depressed group body weights, average daily gain and feed/gain but not feed intake during the whole experimental period. Broiler growth decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing stachyose content. No differences were detected between diets supplemented with 12.0 g/kg stachyose and SBM. 4. Nutrient digestibility tended to decrease but not significantly with increasing stachyose. 5. Stachyose content had no significant positive effects on caecal pH, microflora population and the resulting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites during the 42 d experiment, with only butyrate differing significantly in the initial period.     

利用中子水分仪测定棉田土壤水分含量

研究利用中子仪对棉田土壤水分含量进行了测定。结果表明：随着土壤深度的增加，土壤水分含量逐渐增加。在棉花生产期间，0－60cm土壤层次含水量变化大。其变异系数为15．88－74．4％，含水量（容积％）为3．12－25．36；60－120cm土壤层次含水量变化小。变异系数为9．43－44．87％，含水量（容积％）为16．15－28．84％。另外，两种土壤剖面类型土壤在保水上也存在着差异。结果也表明：0－20cm土层的含水量明显低于20－40cm土层。     

Correlation analysis of mineral element contents and quality traits in milled rice (Oryza stavia L.)

The relationships among potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) contents in milled rice (Oryza stavia L.) of 274 genotypes and the relationships between these mineral element contents and other rice quality traits including 3 cooking quality traits, 17 amino acid contents, and protein content were investigated. The results showed that there were significant correlations among most of mineral element contents. Mg, Fe, and Mn contents were significantly correlated with most of the other mineral element contents, while Cu content had significantly negative associations with the K and Mg contents of rice. The relationships between mineral element contents and cooking quality traits showed that gel consistency (GC) was significantly correlated with K, Cu, and Mn contents of rice. Amylose content (AC) was significantly associated with K, Na, Mg, Cu, and Mn contents. The alkali spreading value (ASV) had closely positive relationships with Ca, Mg, and Mn contents. In addition, 8 mineral element contents had obvious correlations with different amino acid contents. Mg, Ca, and Zn contents were significantly correlated with most of the 17 amino acid contents, but Na content did not correlate with amino acid contents except aspartic acid of rice. Furthermore, significant associations were found between protein content and Na, Mg, Zn, Cu, or Mn content. Six principal components were extracted to explain 84.50% of the total variances and contained the information provided by the original 29 variables according to the principal component analysis.