美国的牛奶定价方法

直到19世纪末,像大多数液体一样,牛奶是依据体积来简单定价的。但是,每一位牛奶生产者都知道牛奶离统一标准还差很远。因为饲养管理、奶牛个体、泌乳期、季节和其他未知因素导致了牛奶成分的不同,例如,一些牛奶含有比其他牛奶多两倍的脂肪。1890年Babcock检测发展起来,这是一种简单、快速、准确地检测乳脂肪成分的方法。它可以直接确定从牛奶中提炼出奶油或者黄油的量,并且可以精确地预测奶酪的量。Babcock检测方法改革了牛奶的定价,并很快被购买牛奶的工厂采用。随着商业性乳产业的发展,牛奶量的检测从体积基准转向重量,因为精确地确定重…     

新型半胱胺盐酸盐添加剂对畜禽应激的生理调控作用研究

以动物应激的发生、发展过程以及对畜禽生产性能的影响为理论基础,阐述了半胱胺对抗畜禽应激可能的机制,总结了应激条件下半胱胺盐酸盐添加剂(CT2000)在畜禽生产上的应用研究结果,为半胱胺抗应激作用提供理论和实践依据。     

有机硒对种公牛精子活力、免疫力和血液生化指标的影响

试验选用5头成年种公牛作试验牛,采用分期试验,试验前期饲喂基础日粮,试验中期和后期添加一定量的有机硒,试验期采集种公牛的精液进行精子活力的检测,并分别采取血样进行血常规检测和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的测定.试验结果表明：在种公牛日粮中添加一定量的有机硒能显著提高种公牛的精子活力和免疫力（P〈0.05）,但对血常规主要指标无显著的影响。     

滨州市推广紫穗槐产业发展有关问题探讨

该文阐述了紫穗槐的特性,提出了滨州市推广种植紫穗槐的重要性和可行性,并进行了效益分析。     

High Throughput Sequencing to Study the Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on the Diversity and Gene Function Prediction of Gut Microbiota in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic renal failure(CRF) on the gut microbiota diversity and predict the gene function of the flora. A total of 30 2-year-old dogs were selected and randomly divided into the chronic renal failure model group (CRF, established by renal artery ligation), sham operation control group (Sham) and healthy control group (HCG). All animals were fed normally during the 56 days of test period. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein / creatinine ratio (UP/C) were detected regularly during the experiment. The effects of chronic renal failure on the structure, diversity and function of gut microbiota were analyzed according to the result of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing from fresh feces collected without contamination. The flora markers index (FMI) was constructed based on the principal component Logistic regression analysis of different microbiota in CRF group to predict the development of chronic renal failure. The results showed that: 1) The levels of Scr, BUN and UP/C in CRF group from the start of the 28th day of the experiment were significantly higher than those of HCG group and Sham group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that of the first day of CRF group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with those before chronic renal failure (CRF group at day 0 and 28), HCG group and Sham group, the Chao 1 diversity and Shannon diversity of gut microbiota in CRF group at day 56 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria significantly increased and the number of Firmicutes significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) LEfSe analysis showed that 20 species were enriched in CRF group, mainly including Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and so on, and most of them had negative correlation with other intestinal bacteria. Functional prediction revealed that genes of those different species were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, sugar biosynthesis and metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in CRF group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the FMI constructed with those species enriched was 0.788, which could be used as the intestinal microbial marker for CRF in dogs. In summary, chronic renal failure can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbiota, lead to the imbalance of bacterial structure and change of bacterial function. Moreover, the enriched gut microbiota in CRF group can be used as the intestinal microbial marker of CRF in dogs, and the best prediction effect can be obtained by FMI.     

DNA甲基化与肿瘤研究进展

对肿瘤研究的不断深入,发现除了基因突变之外,表观遗传改变也与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。肿瘤表观遗传的改变以DNA的异常甲基化为主。DNA的异常甲基化几乎存在于任何类型的人类肿瘤中,包括皮肤恶性肿瘤。DNA甲基化是指在DNA甲基化酶的作用下,以S-腺苷酸-L-甲硫氨酸为甲基供体,将甲基转移到特定碱基上的过程。基因的正常功能除了依赖于正常结构外,还依赖于正常的甲基化状态。DNA的异常甲基化在肿瘤发生中起重要作用。     

柴胡提取物栓包合前后对家兔解热作用的比较

本试验依据2015版兽药典方法制备柴胡提取物的包合物及其栓剂,并对其进行质量检查。并通过酵母菌和牛奶所致的两种发热动物模型,观察并比较柴胡提取物栓及柴胡提取物包合物栓对家兔的解热作用。家兔18只随机分为酵母菌致热组和牛奶致热组,每个处理分成3个组,分别为空白对照组、柴胡提取物栓组、柴胡提取物包合物栓组,每组3只。结果表明,包合后的栓剂解热作用更好且维持时间更久。研究证实,在两种发热模型的解热方面,包合前后的药物对酵母菌模型解热作用均优于对牛奶模型的解热作用。证实包合技术可提高药物稳定性,延缓释药的释放,提高药物的生物利用度,在临床上具有很高的应用价值,因此,β-环糊精包合技术的研究,在新产品研发,以及药剂处方的改进方面具有良好的应用前景。     

狠抓质量 锐意改革 努力重振蚕种业经济

1丰产已定,丰收在望 伴随新世纪的钟声,重庆蚕种业迈入了充满希望与挑战的21世纪.在新世纪的第一年里,蚕种生产在各级党政和业务主管部门的支持下,在各场级领导的直接指挥下,经过广大干部职工的共同努力,克服了资金短缺、生产量减、行业极为困难等诸多不利条件,把握形势,坚定信心,强化管理,抓住质量,使我市蚕种生产又是一个丰产之年,实现了新世纪的"开门红".2001年春季,出库原种24,052张,饲养原蚕蚁量102,662克,总收茧量为404,285公斤,制种留用种茧355,909公斤,制毛种1474,236张,估计净种119,259张,其中秋用入库毛种706,213张,估净595,448张,越年用毛种768,023张,估净597,511张.     

稻虱净对家蚕毒性和安全性评估

在稻桑混栽区，施用浓度约１０００ｐｐｍ稻虱净时，将被污染的桑叶饲蚕，或在实验室用约１０００ｐｐｍ稻虱净从一龄蚕连续添毒，均能对家蚕造成慢性中毒，发生迟眠蚕，多营下茧和烂茧，全茧量、茧层量显著下降。     

口蹄疫病毒2c基因的克隆及表达

从O型口蹄疫病毒China98株病毒材料中克隆到了非结构蛋白2C的基因，并成功地将该基因在大杆菌中进行了表达，为建立以基因工程产品为抗原，能区分人工免疫和自然感染动物的检疫方法提供也技术和材料条件。 sri