DNA Barcoding:An Effective Tool for Species Identification of Lepidopteran Oak Pests

[Objective] The paper was to improve the efficiency and accuracy of early forecast of Lepidopteran oak-infesting pests.[Method] DNA barcoding technique was established for quick species identification using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) as the standard gene.This barcoding technique was used to amplify and sequence genomic DNA samples from eggs and pupae of 11 species of Lepidopteran pests collected from oak.[Result] The DNA barcoding standard genes of 594-708 bp were determined from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects.There were differences of 0-2 bases in DNA barcode sequences between conspecific eggs and pupae,with the sequence identity of 99.7%-100%.The average content of A,T,G and C of DNA barcode sequences from Lepidopteran insects were 30.7%,38.5%,14.9% and 15.9%,respectively.The obtained DNA barcode sequences had 91.4%-100% identity and 0-8.6% difference degree with GenBank-deposited DNA barcode sequences from organisms of the genetically-closest relationship.Among them,DNA barcode sequences from egg and pupa samples of 10 Lepidopteran insects(No.1-20) had 99%-100% identity and 0-1.0% difference degree with homologous sequences in GenBank database,while the remaining samples(No.21-22) had high difference degree(8.6%) with homologous sequences.[Conclusion] The established DNA barcoding technique is an effeetive tool for species identification of Lepidopteran pests using genomic DNA from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects.     

东北虎（Panthera tigris altaica）个体识别技术研究进展

对东北虎种群的科学监测是采取有效保护、管理及恢复措施的基础,而准确的个体识别又是保证有效监测的前提。尤其是在中国,在野生东北虎种群数量很少,种群密度极低的情况下,能根据它留下的各种信息进行个体识别就显得尤为重要。目前,用于野生东北虎个体识别的技术主要有：足迹识别、DNA识别、条纹识别以及气味识别等。本文对这几种技术的特点、研究进展、应用注意事项等做了介绍,并且结合中国的实际情况,分析每种技术在中国的适用性,认为如果要建立中国的东北虎种群数量数据库,足迹识别和DNA识别比较适合在中国现有东北虎分布区推广使用。通过足迹识别,信息容易获取,也是最经济和比较成熟的方法;由于种群密度低,含DNA的遗传样本虽不能每次都采集到,但可以长期积累;现阶段条纹和气味识别只能起到辅助的作用。     

论中国的肉牛育种问题

中国是世界养牛大国，也是第三大牛肉生产国，然而还未有自己培训的专门化肉牛品种。肉牛育种问题十分迫切。中国的肉牛育种有良好的黄牛选育基础，特别是母牛基础较好。着重肉用性能选育、瞄准国际先进水平是由役用黄牛培育专门化肉牛的基本技术路线。按肉用指数（BPI）衡量，目前较多黄牛品种还处于“役肉兼用”阶段，个别是黄牛品种（母牛）可达到“肉役兼用”水平。“本品种选育、适量导血”可能是培育我国特色专门化肉牛新品种的较快而稳妥的途径。育种核心目标可以包括保留黄牛若干特征性状，但关键指标是使其BPI达到一定水平；公牛5．6，母牛4．0，以参于国际竞争，并支撑我国肉牛产业持续、健康发展。培育条件是选育肉牛新品种的极大限制因素，应大力加强。     

重庆市水产品质量安全现状及对策

我国是世界上最大的渔业生产国,其养殖产量占全世界养殖产量的2/3。我国也是水产品出口大国,2006年水产品出口量为301.5万吨,出口额93.6亿美元,占农产品出口总额的     

Identification of polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B genes

Skeletal muscle genes are potential candidates for production and meat quality. Screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace × Yorkshire and their female parents Yorkshire, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. Database search revealed KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B encoded proteins with SET domain and EF-hand calcium binding motif, respectively. In the present work we identified their partial polymorphisms and two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, both created/disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease Msp I. The selected pigs were genotyped at the KIAA1717 C1354T and HUMMLC2B A345G sites by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with meat marbling (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)) and intramuscular fat (p < 0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with meat pH (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)), drip loss (p < 0.01), water holding capacity (p < 0.01) and meat color value (longissimus doris (p < 0.01), biceps femoris (p < 0.05)). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.     

病原疑似摩拉克氏菌属的禽病调查研究

对不发酵的革兰氏阴性杆菌群疑似摩拉克氏菌属的禽病流行病学,临床症状,病理剖检,病原分离,病原的初步鉴定及致病性试验进行了有系统的调查。对病学和诊断进行了研讨。     

两种免疫增强制剂对早期断乳仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响

选取28日龄断奶的三元[杜×(大×长)]杂交仔猪15头,平均初始体重为(5.22±0.89)kg,随机分为3组:活性卵白组、活性酵母组和对照组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个处理组在相同的基础日粮中分别口服卵白制剂及酵母制剂,剂量为10 mL/只,连续服用10 d。应用红细胞C3b受体花环(Erythrocyte C3bR,E-C3bR)试验和红细胞免疫复合物花环(ErythrocyteICR,E-ICR)试验,探讨两种免疫增强制剂在服药不同时间对断乳仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示,活性卵白组和活性酵母组的E-C3bRR和E-ICRR在服药后第1周、第2周都极显著的高于对照组(P<0.01),并于第2周达最高值。服药后第3周活性卵白组的E-C3bRR和E-ICRR均维持在较高水平,与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);而活性酵母组呈现明显下降趋势,与对照组无明显差异。结果表明,活性卵白组较活性酵母组具有更加持续稳定的红细胞免疫促进功能。     

如何减少畜禽强制免疫副反应的发生

免疫副反应客观存在,一定程度成为阻碍免疫工作顺利进行的"绊脚石"。我们深入调研,通过狠抓疫苗管理,规范免疫操作,增强畜禽体质,提高人员素质等措施,为有效减少免疫副反应的发生发挥了积极作用。     

切断传染源与传染途径对防治猪病重要性

近年,生猪养殖产业不断向着集约化规模化方向发展,养殖密度增加的同时,各种传染性疾病呈现高发趋势。猪传染性疾病发生后,会造成生长发育不良,行动迟缓,生理指标失衡,甚至引发死亡,带来的经济损失不可估量,某些人畜共患病还会威胁人类的身体健康。在疫病防控过程中,需要从传染源、传播途径和易感群体等角度出发,减少养殖环境病原数量,切断病原传播途径,保护易感群体,确保生猪健康生长。该文主要结合一个乡镇的疫病流行特点,分析切断传染源和传播途径对防治猪病发生流行的重要性。     

35种蜂花粉的活性物质分析

活性物质一般是指酶、维生素以及激素等,近年将磷脂也纳入活性物质。本文分析了３５种蜂花粉中的葡萄糖氧化酶、磷脂以及生长激素等,这些物质对人体均有重要的生理作用。研究结果,除证明花粉中含有葡萄糖氧化酶及磷脂外,还发现了花粉含有人体生长激素