基于叶片显微结构综合评价杏不同品种（系）的抗旱性

【目的】探究杏不同品种间叶片解剖结构特征的差异,并据此进行抗旱性指标的筛选和综合评价,为杏抗旱性资源的高效筛选和利用提供方法。【方法】以10个抗旱性不同的杏品种（系）为材料,采用石蜡切片以及扫描电镜技术观察比较其叶片的解剖结构,测定叶片厚度、上表皮细胞厚度、下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度、叶片结构紧密度和疏松度以及叶片下表皮气孔密度共9项叶片结构指标。运用主成分分析法和隶属函数法综合评价10个杏品种（系）的抗旱能力。【结果】叶片解剖结构在品种间表现出不同程度的差异性,9个抗旱性指标在10个品种（系）间有较大差异,变异系数在10.73%～34.58%,灵敏度较高。通过主成分分析选取栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度、叶片结构紧密度和下表皮厚度这5个指标作为评价杏资源抗旱性的有效指标。对10个杏品种（系）的5项抗旱性特征指标的隶属函数值累加并求均值,该值越大代表抗旱能力越强。10个杏品种（系）的抗旱能力排序为：青密沙>G 4-25>皮乃孜>骆驼黄>串枝红>G 4-43>G 4-40>G 4-2...     

免耕抛栽水稻源库特性研究

近些年来,水稻免耕抛秧栽培在中国广西等部分地区发展迅速。为了探讨免耕抛栽水稻产量形成特点,以金优253(OryzasativaL.)为试验材料,以常耕抛栽水稻为对照,从叶面积大小、剑叶光合速率与衰老、库的大小及源库比率等方面研究了免耕抛栽水稻的源库特性。结果表明,免耕抛栽水稻早、晚季产量分别为5.97t/hm2和7.53t/hm2,常耕抛栽水稻分别为6.19t/hm2和7.63t/hm2,其产量差异在早季和晚季均不显著。与常耕抛栽水稻相比,免耕抛栽水稻的每穗总粒数和单位面积上的总粒数较多,各生育期的叶面积指数较大,灌浆期剑叶光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量较高,而过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性及丙二醛的含量较低,在生理上存在一定的优势。但是,免耕抛栽水稻的源库协调能力较差,粒叶比和结实率下降,致使免耕抛栽水稻在产量上表现出一定的劣势。免耕抛栽水稻粒叶比和结实率的下降是由于其生产的干物质更多地分配在叶片中、贮藏在茎鞘中的干物质在抽穗后向穗部运转的能力较差造成的。     

Comparative analysis of different methods revealing the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds

Seed longevity is a very important characteristic controlling seed quality. However, the mechanism underlying this characteristic is poorly understood. In this study, 'FH7185', a storable rice variety, the germination rate of which was 66.63%, much higher than the control after artificial ageing under relative humidity 88% and 42°C for 21 days. Different methods were applied to reveal the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds. In total, 35 differential proteins were identified from 2D‐PAGE, and 3,719 proteins from iTRAQ analysis. A comparison of these two methods showed that not all protein types could be detected on the 2D‐PAGE gels, and the dynamic range was somewhat limited. So the comprehensive proteome map from the iTRAQ analysis was used to identify the quantitatively regulated proteins that played roles in seed longevity, and found that the most marked change was the increased abundance of many metabolic enzymes, especially the ones involved in α‐linolenic acid metabolism in the embryos during ageing. OsLOX2 and OsLOX3 had a negative effect on seed longevity, which were lower in FH7185 than the control. The dehydrogenase (LOC_Os07g44430) which played a major catalytic role in lipid peroxidation, also changed significantly during ageing. Therefore, OsLOX2, OsLOX3 and Loc_OS 07G44430 may be involved in the regulation of seed longevity with a synergistic effect.     

贺兰山石鸡越冬期栖息地的选择

于2004年11月-2005年1月期间,采用样带法对贺兰山区石鸡的栖息地选择进行研究。共测定了74个利用样方,结果表明:贺兰山石鸡(Alectoris chukar potanini)对植被类型具有选择性(χ2=453.17,df=3,P≤0.001),喜欢利用山地草原带,避免选择山地疏林草原带、山地针叶林带、亚高山灌丛和草甸带;对优势乔木的利用有选择性(χ2=195.76,df=6,P≤0.001),喜欢利用无树的栖息地,随机利用灰榆优势的栖息地,避免选择山杨、杜松、油松、青海云杉占优势和混合型的栖息地;对坡向(χ2=85.12,df=2,P≤0.001)选择性利用,喜欢位于阳坡的栖息地,避免利用阴坡的栖息地,对半阴和半阳坡随机利用;对坡位也具有选择性(χ2=44.93,df=2,P≤0.001),偏好下坡位,避免上坡位,对中坡位随机利用。并对利用样方和任意样方进行比较,石鸡的利用样方以乔木密度低、灌木密度低、草本覆盖度高、坡度小、雪覆盖浅、低海拔为主要特征。逐步判别分析表明,乔木密度、草本覆盖度、灌木密度和雪深具有重要作用。由这4个变量构成的方程在对利用样方和任意样方进行区分时,正确判别率可以达到94.9%。     

山杏混交林花果期小气候特点及其对坐果率的影响

为了探讨混交林对山杏花果期低温冻害的影响,采用野外连续观测的方法,开展了山杏混交林花果期小气候特点及其对山杏坐果率影响的研究。结果表明:山杏刺槐混交林对山杏花果期小气候的改善作用优于山杏纯林,混交林内的白天气温及地温低于纯林,夜间气温高于纯林,空气相对湿度高于纯林,风速低于纯林。山杏花果期气温不稳定,经常出现大幅度降温现象,在2009年4月27日的大幅度降温过程中,山杏纯林温度降到-0.87℃,已低于临界冻害温度,而山杏混交林的夜间最低气温为0.52℃,高于临界冻害温度。混交林内山杏花期推迟2～3d,花果期冻害轻,发生的机率小,坐果率比纯林高10.2%。     

LY12合金冷拉棒性能的研究

对淬火前的热挤压棒用不同的冷拉拔量进行拉拔，结果表明；冷拉拔量对棒材的组织和性能有不同的影响．当变形量达到10％时，经淬火后的棒材其组织是均匀的细晶组织．