黄海北部中国对虾合理放流数量的讨论

在黄海北部放流虾的渔获量(y 百万尾)与放流数量(x 亿尾)之间有着统计学上可置信的关系,α=0.05,用 y=ax+bx~2描述,a=14.63,=0.45。最大放流量为16亿尾,最佳经济放流量为15亿尾(计数误差20%)。在目前条件下,我们认为控制放流量在11亿尾(计数准确率90%)是合理的。预测了前景,提出了可供选择的方案。     

暗纹东方鲀mtDNA的分离纯化及其细胞素b基因的分子克隆

利用改进的差速离心法和碱裂解法制备并分离纯化了暗纹东方纯mtDNA,测得分子大小为19．4Kb。用线粒体特异染色法跟踪和监测线粒体提取,结果表明,25000-35000g能获得90％以上的高得率。利用制备纯化的mtDNA,已首次克隆了暗纹东方纯细胞色素b基因(cytb)。     

Purification and Characterization of a New DPPH Radical Scavenging Peptide from Shrimp Processing By-products Hydrolysate

A peptide with high antioxidant activity was isolated and identified from shrimp processing by-products hydrolysate. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fractions. The purified antioxidant peptide was identified as Ser-Val-Ala-Met-Leu-Phe-His (804.4 Da) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The purified peptide at 50 μg/mL showed antioxidative activity of 65.7 ± 0.9%, which was 3.18-fold higher compared with the first step separation by ion-exchange chromatography. It is possible to produce natural antioxidative peptides from shrimp processing by-products hydrolysate. The high antioxidant activity may be due to the presence of Phe-His segment at the C-terminus of the peptide.     

坛紫菜自由丝状体细胞超微结构的初步研究

本文介绍了用扫描电镜和透射电镜对坛紫菜自由丝状体细胞观察的结果。发现在坛紫菜自由丝状体的膨大藻丝细胞外壁上具有脊突；在丝状藻丝及膨大藻丝细胞的间壁上，存在着孔状联系。在坛紫菜自由丝状体的细胞质中，清晰地观察到内质网结构；这些内质网多分布于细胞核的周围，有些地方并与核膜连接，在细胞膜的附近也能观察到内质网的存在。在细胞核中可以看到双层核膜，在双层核膜之间是一核膜间区，核膜上具有核孔，此外还可见到核仁和浓聚深色的染色质。     

草鱼、鲢鱼催产前后血液中促性腺激素含量的变动

应用放射免疫测定法,研究了草鱼、鲢鱼催产前后血液中GTH含量的变化。催产后草鱼、鲢鱼血液中GTH的含量增加到“排卵阈值”水平,也就是比产卵前增加30-40倍,产卵活动才能实现。由此阐述了鱼类也象其他脊椎动物一样,存在着丘脑下部——垂体——性腺系统的调节机制。     

中华乌塘鳢精子的生物学特性及其超低温保存

对中华乌塘鳢精子激活的生理生态学进行了研究,探讨了中华乌塘鳢精子超低温保存方法,中华乌塘鳢精子激活的适宜盐度为５－１５;其精子的激活不仅与激活溶溶盐度有关,而且与激活溶液的离子成份有关,激活溶液中Ｋ＾＋的存在一定程度上对精子的活动有抑帛和;中华乌塘鳢精子对ＰＨ的适应性强,在ＰＨ５．５－９．５范围内,激活率均在７０９％以上,尤以中性及弱酸性条件下的激活率最高,在ＰＨ６．０时精子活力最好。使用筛选出的     

Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.     

数字图像处理在SEM空蚀图像定量分析中的应用

针对收缩-扩散型水洞中进行铝制翼型空蚀破坏试验时,传统度量不能准确量化翼型表面不同位置的空蚀程度,提出了数字图像检测的方法.获取试验翼型表面SEM空蚀图像,然后对图像进行模糊增强,并进行类间方差最大阈值分割,用二值形态学方法处理边缘,最后由统计特性计算出空蚀破坏表面积、蚀坑数量等.图像测量可得到空蚀对翼型表面破坏数值的定量结果.     

黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料弯曲性能分

利用模压方法制备了黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料,并利用试验方法研究黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料的弯曲性能.研究结果表明:在试验条件下,通过对黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量的极差分析发现最优组合相同,即热压温度A=170℃、热压压力B=9.8 MPa、热压时间C=20 min、黄糊精质量D=30 g,并对最优组合进行了试验验证,得出其弯曲强度为15.34 MPa,弯曲弹性模量为2 522.78 MPa.通过对复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量的方差分析发现,热压时间是不显著因素,而热压压力是显著因素.     

牛肉嫩度的高光谱法检测技术

为实现对牛肉嫩度的预测和分级,构建了试验用高光谱检测系统,在400～1000nm波长范围内获取牛肉表面的高光谱散射图像.从高光谱图像中提取牛肉的反射光谱曲线,用step-wise逐步回归法选择 430、496、510、725、760和828nm 6个波长建立了多元线性回归模型,用全交叉验证法验证模型的预测效果,模型的预测相关系数为0.96,预测标准差为0.64kg.以嫩度6.0kg为界将样本分为嫩牛肉和粗糙牛肉2类,特征波长处反射值为变量,建立了正则判别函数对牛肉嫩度分级,用全交叉验证法验证训练的效果.嫩牛肉分级准确率为83.3%,较粗糙牛肉分级准确率为90.9%,总的分级准确率为87.0%.研究表明该预测和分级技术具有一定的可行性.