惯性沉降分离室内三维定常气流流动数值计算

为了解气流在4ZTL-1800型割前摘脱稻（麦）联合收获机惯性沉降分离室内的运动规律，从流体力学和湍流理论出发，建立了气体运动微分方程式及k-ε湍流模型，并利用Fluent软件对惯性沉降分离室内三维定常气流进行了数值计算，得到了气体在惯性沉降分离室内的流动特征。根据其特征对分离室结构进行了改进设计，数值计算结果表明改进后惯性沉降分离室内的气流流场得到了改善。     

装载机散热器模块进出口位置匹配试验

为提高车辆冷却系统中多散热器模块匹配的性能，对某装载机散热器模块在风洞测试平台上进行试验研究。试验散热器模块第1排是中冷器和液压油冷却器，第2排为水箱，第3排是变矩器油冷器。在风洞上对模块原型和在原型基础上互换变矩器油冷器进出油口位置的变型进行对比试验。试验结果表明，调整进出油口位置，能提高总的散热量，且对模块中单个散热器的性能影响更大。在设计中可以合理布置散热器进出油口位置，使得模块性能更加优异。     

冶金因素对纯镍铸铁焊条抗热裂性能影响

研究了钛、铌，钛，钼，硅和钇镁硅铁合金对纯镍铸铁焊条抗热裂性能的影响，试验结果表明，钛，铌，钴，钇和镁在焊缝中的含量有一最佳值，综合利用这些合金元素，可显著改善纯镍铸铁焊条的抗热裂性能，其熔敷金属的机械性能可符合铁素体球墨铸铁（ＱＴ４００－１５）的要求。     

侵染苘麻的菜豆金色黄花叶病毒的鉴定及基因组结构分析

为明确引起我国山西晋中地区苘麻叶片表现皱缩和花叶症状的病原物及其基因组分子特征, 本研究利用双生病毒简并引物扩增获得病毒基因组部分序列,经测序、比对后设计特异性引物扩增病毒基因组序列, 进而通过生物信息学方法构建系统发育树并进行序列分析。结果表明:引起苘麻叶片皱缩、花叶的病原物为番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV), 将该分离物命名为TYLCV-Abu, GenBank登录号为OP293347, 但未扩增到β卫星。该病毒DNA-A基因组全长为2 782 bp, 含有6个开放阅读框。TYLCV-Abu分离物与TYLCV茄子分离物KSQ1-3(GenBank登录号KC428753)的核苷酸序列一致性最高, 为98.99%, 其中C4和V2编码的蛋白变异较大。重组结果分析显示,分离物TYLCV-Abu是由TYLCV-F(GenBank登录号KY971326)和TYLCV-KSQ1-3重组得到, 重组区域为其基因组2 617－2 782 nt区域。这是首次从苘麻样品中扩增到TYLCV全基因组序列并进行分析。     

Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.     

农业科研院所视角下新兴交叉学科发展的思考

新兴交叉学科不仅是重大科学成果产生的源泉,也是解决当今社会发展过程中出现的复杂问题的重要途径.文章梳理了部分农业科研院所在新兴交叉研究领域的动向,从省级农业科研院所角度,深入探讨了新兴交叉学科的发展特点和面临形势,从产业应用目标定位、对外交流合作、复合型人才培养引进、学科建设投入、学科发展规律研究和体制机制创新等方面提出了促进农业科研院所新兴交叉学科发展的建议.     

配电网检修计划优化实践

配电网设备检修能够及时发现常规试验或外观检查难以察觉的问题,使电网设备隐患或故障得到及时消除,通过合理有序安排检修工作,可有效提高电网的供电可靠性[1]。常规的检修计划制定过程通常包含分部门收集与汇总的过程,存在着潜在冲突与不合理之处,在实施之前,需要从技术与管理角度进行优化。