家蚕亲环蛋白A基因(BmCyPA)的克隆与表达分析

亲环蛋白(CyP)能与免疫抑制剂环孢霉素A(CsA)结合而作为CsA的胞内受体。在已构建的家蚕蛹cDNA文库中获得了家蚕亲环蛋白A(BmCyPA)基因的cDNA序列。利用生物信息学方法对此序列的开放阅读框(ORF)和序列同源性等进行分析,并以家蚕蛹总RNA反转录的cDNA为材料克隆了BmCyPA,通过原核表达目的蛋白后,将纯化的BmCyPA融合蛋白免疫新西兰兔得到抗血清,Western blotting检测目的蛋白在蚕体中得到表达。利用荧光定量PCR方法检测家蚕5龄幼虫各组织中BmCyPA mRNA的转录水平,由高到低依次为脂肪体、丝腺、中肠、马氏管、表皮、头部、气门、卵巢;Western blotting检测BmCyPA在5龄幼虫各组织中的表达水平,由高到低依次为脂肪体、气门、表皮、马氏管、中肠、丝腺、头部和卵巢。亚细胞定位显示Bm-CyPA在细胞质与细胞核中均有分布。推测BmCyPA与家蚕的生长发育以及促进蛋白质折叠和介导免疫应答等有密切联系。     

高寒牧区多年生禾草引种试验初报

通过21个多年生禾草三年的田间观察，从越冬性和产草量上衡量，上繁草以中华羊茅、垂穗披碱草、多叶老芒麦、紫野麦草较好；下繁草以西北羊茅、毛稃羊茅、冷地早熟禾、紫羊茅(同德)、星星草为好。但多叶老芒麦、紫野麦草种子成熟差，只能低海拔区(如同德)繁殖种源调进。     

应用单克隆抗体的免疫组织化学法研究雏鸭体内鸭瘟病毒的分布

本实验应用了免疫组织化学的单克隆抗体间接酶标染色法，对人工感染鸭瘟病毒雏鸭的组织切片进行染色观察。旨在研究病毒在鸭体内分布，对其进行定位。研究结果显示，鸭的心脏、肝脏、脾、胸腺、肠、法氏囊、胰、肺、肾等组织的细胞浆内均出现了染色的特异阳性反应物。结果表明，鸭瘟病毒广泛分布于感染雏鸭的各种组织器官，并造成一定的组织病理变化。     

不同品种鸡全蛋及蛋黄营养物质含量分析研究

为了研究高产蛋鸡和地方品种鸡在全蛋与蛋黄中营养物质相对含量和绝对含量的差异及其原因,选用罗曼粉壳蛋鸡和北京油鸡为试验材料,在相同的饲养条件下进行饲养,43周龄时,连续收集10 d的鸡蛋并进行蛋品质测定.结果显示:除粗蛋白外,主要的营养化学物质存在于蛋黄中;营养化学物质在蛋黄中的差异要小于在全蛋中的差异,并且这种差异主要是由于干物质含量以及蛋黄比例的差异所引起的.只有在卵磷脂这一营养化学指标上,不管是在全蛋还是在蛋黄中,不管是相对含量还是绝对含量上,北京油鸡都要极显著地高于罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,这可能与品种有关.     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

黏膜乳杆菌清除液体中玉米赤霉烯酮能力的研究

将黏膜乳杆菌1m4208进行活菌培养和灭活处理,在不同初始菌体浓度、不同pH值条件下与玉米赤霉烯酮进行作用,采用HPLC方法测定培养液上清ZEN含量,确定黏膜乳杆菌lm4208对ZEN的清除率及各因素的影响.结果表明,黏膜乳杆菌lm4208对ZEN毒素具有较高的清除能力,清除率为51％～60％,灭活菌可显著提高对ZEN的清除效果.无论活菌还是灭活菌,初始菌体浓度对其清除效果有显著影响,pH值对清除ZEN能力无显著影响.本试验结果为进一步研究该菌株在实际生产中清除玉米赤霉烯酮的应用奠定基础.     

雏鸡运输的注意事项

目前,我国主要采用以下五种方法进行羽毛粉的加工生产。一高温高压水解法水解羽毛粉主要依靠水解过程中时间、压力、温度的控制。其加工过程为：收集羽毛,除尘清洗后,装入水解罐中,     

高通量测序技术结合传统方法筛选及鉴定奶酒中曲霉菌

奶酒含有丰富的营养,且具有驱寒活血、开胃消食等保健功效。但由于传统的可培养方法对其微生物全貌的认识具有一定的局限性。因此,本文采用高通量测序技术,对奶酒的真菌生物多样性进行检测。结果表明,酵母菌属(Saccharomyces)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)是奶酒最主要的真菌群落,其中,酵母菌属为第一丰度的真菌,丰度约为62%。第二丰度的真菌为曲霉属,丰度为33%。通过进一步分离并采用16S鉴定出了一株曲霉菌,这可为奶酒发酵剂的开发提供依据。     

早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响

试验研究了早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响。以320只1日龄AA+肉用仔鸡为试验动物。设4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复20只肉仔鸡。对照组根据AA+商品代肉鸡营养标准配制。各处理肉用仔鸡1～7日龄均为自由采食,8～14日龄对照组、限饲90%组、限饲80%组和限饲70%组分别饲喂自由采食量的100%、90%、80%和70%,15日龄恢复自由采食,以后按常规饲养管理。每周末,以重复为单位全部称重。分别于42、49日龄,每个重复随机抽取4只肉用仔鸡禁食12h、称重、屠宰、测定屠体品质。试验结果表明:在第2周,限饲各组肉仔鸡的体重和日增重分别显著低于对照组(P0.05);在第3周,限饲90%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);在第4周,限饲80%和70%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);5、6、7周及2～6、2～7周各组在体重、日增重、日采食量和饲料转化率等都无显著差异(P0.05)。早期数量限饲对肉仔鸡胴体特性没有显著影响(P0.05),限饲70%～80%,具有改善饲料转化效率、胸肌率、腹脂率的作用。