鱼类消化系统的结构、功能及消化酶的分布与特性

本文综述了鱼类消化系统的结构、功能及消化酶的分布与特性的研究进展,旨在进一步了解鱼类各个消化器官的结构以及分布,其中的主要酶类所产生的功能效应,为今后深入探讨鱼类摄食、消化和吸收的生理机制等研究提供参考。     

Evaluation of dietary inclusion of housefly maggot (Musca domestica) meal on growth,fillet composition and physiological responses for barramundi,Lates calcarifer

The study was to evaluate the effects of dietary fish meal (FM) partially replaced by housefly maggot meal (HMM) on growth, fillet composition and physiological responses of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifera. HMM at 100, 150, 200 and 300 g kg^?1 was supplemented in the basal diet to replace dietary FM protein. Basal diet without HMM supplementation was used as control. Total of five experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile barramundi (initial weight: 9.66 ± 0.22 g) in a flow‐through rearing system for 8 weeks. Fish fed all experimental diets showed no effects (P > 0.05) on weight gain and whole body protein, lipid and moisture content. Fish fed control diet and 100 g kg^?1 HMM diet had the highest (P < 0.05) hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, followed by 150 g kg^?1 HMM group, the lowest in 200 and 200 g kg^?1 HMM groups. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value was the highest in fish fed 150–300 g kg^?1 HMM diets, followed by 100 g kg^?1 HMM group and the lowest in fish fed the control diet. Fish fed the 300 g kg^?1 HMM diet had lower plasma lysozyme activity than fish fed other diets. The results indicated that up to 300 g kg^?1 HMM can be used to substitute dietary FM protein without negative effect on growth. Although physiological responses were also considered, up to 100 g kg^?1 HMM in barramundi diet was recommended.     

长白赤松和红松土壤微生物活性对高浓度CO2的响应

Responses of soil microbial activities to elevated CO₂ in experiment sites ofPinus sylvestriformis andPinus koraiensis seedlings were studied in summer in 2003. The results indicated the number of bacteria decreased significantly (p<0.05) under elevated CO₂ forPinus sylvestriformis andPinus koraiensis. Amylase and invertase activities in soil increased forPinus sylvestriformis and decreased forPinus koraiensis with CO₂ enrichment compared with those at ambient (350 μmol·mol⁻¹). The size of microbial biomass C also decreased significantly at 700 μmol·mol⁻¹ CO₂. Bacterial community structure had some evident changes under elevated CO₂ by DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) analysis of bacterial 16S rDNA gene fragments amplified by PCR from DNA extracted directly from soil. The results suggested that responses of soil microorganisms to elevated CO₂ would be related to plant species exposed to elevated CO₂. Foundation item: The study was supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2002CB412502) and the Knowledge Innovation Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01-03). Biography: JIA Xia (1975), female, Ph. D. candidate of Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

琼西热带稀树草原成因初探

海南岛处于热带季风气候区,但其西部出现非地带性的热带稀树草原景观,原因尚有争议。主要从海南岛东西部气候条件的对比分析琼西热带稀树草原的成因。琼西地区旱季时间长达6个月(11～4月)。冬春季(旱季),受琼中山地阻挡,琼西位于冬季风的雨影区,旱季降水量与海南岛其他地区相比较少。春季受干热风的影响,蒸发量较大。另外,该地日照时数长、太阳辐射总量大、风速大等因素,进一步增大旱季蒸发量,加剧该地旱季水分收支不平衡。与海南岛东部相比,琼西地区旱季干旱尤为突出,与热带草原气候相似。这种旱季干旱的气候抑制了木本植物生长,从而在琼西形成稀树草原景观。     

Biochar reduces uptake and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in winter wheat on a PAH-contaminated soil

For years, biochar has been successfully used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in contaminated soils, not only for improving their removal from soil but also for reducing their uptake by crops. However, the underlying mechanism of biochar application reducing PAH uptake and accumulation in winter wheat remains unclear. Pot trials were conducted on a PAH-contaminated soil amended with bamboo biochar, coconut shell biochar,and maize straw biochar(MSB) for an entire gro...     

Chemical Constituents of the Deep-Sea-Derived Penicillium solitum

A systematic chemical investigation of the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium solitum MCCC 3A00215 resulted in the isolation of one novel polyketide (1), two new alkaloids (2 and 3), and 22 known (4–25) compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established mainly on the basis of exhaustive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data. Viridicatol (13) displayed moderate anti-tumor activities against PANC-1, Hela, and A549 cells with IC₅₀ values of around 20 μM. Moreover, 13 displayed potent in vitro anti-food allergic activity with an IC₅₀ value of 13 μM, compared to that of 92 μM for the positive control, loratadine, while indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester (9) and penicopeptide A (10) showed moderate effects (IC₅₀ = 50 and 58 μM, respectively).     

冬小麦品种‘兰天23号’苗期抗条锈性遗传分析

2014年在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州温室,进行了‘兰天23号’/‘铭贤169’组合的亲本及其F1、F2、BC1代对条锈菌主要流行小种CYR32、CYR33及新菌系G22-9的遗传分析。结果表明,接种CYR33,F2代植株抗感分离比为144R∶54S,符合3R∶1S的理论比值;接种CYR32,F2代植株抗感分离比为62R∶22S,符合3R∶1S的理论比值;接种G22-9,F2代植株抗感分离比为85R∶24S,符合3R∶1S的理论比值;F1代植株对供试菌系均表现免疫,BC1代植株抗感分离比均符合1R∶1S的理论比值,表明‘兰天23号’对3个供试条锈菌系的抗病性均由1对显性抗性基因控制。通过系谱分析推知,该抗病基因来源于抗病亲本‘SXAF4-7’。     

3种工业废水对中国对虾胚胎的毒性效应

印染废水、电镀废水、农药废水都是常见的 ,易进入近岸海域的工业废水。作者通过室内实验 ,研究了这 3种工业废水及其混合物对中国对虾胚胎的毒性效应。结果表明 ,印染废水、电镀废水和农药废水及其混合物对中国对虾胚胎发育孵化有显著影响的最低浓度分别为 1%、0 4 %、1%和0 5 %。对中国对虾胚胎起始半数致死浓度 (95 %可信限 )分别为 2 94 % (2 4 5 %～ 3 5 2 % )、1 19%(1 0 1%～ 1 4 2 % )、2 6 8% (2 31%～ 3 10 % )和 1 38% (0 6 1%～ 3 13% )。以对中国对虾胚胎起始半数致死浓度为指标 ,这 3种工业废水的毒性顺序为电镀废水 >农药废水 >印染废水。     

一种适用于非平稳、非线性振动信号分析方法研究

Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)被认为近年来信号分析领域的一大突破。适用于非平稳、非线性信号分析。从往复机械上得到的振动信号往往具有非平稳、非线性特征,因此采用HHT方法分析是一种较佳的选择。然而,该方法提出不久,并不能用一个解析公式表示,影响了对其理论分析及性能评价。建立一多分量仿真信号,并应用HHT、傅里叶变换、小波变换、时频分布对其分析比较,证明它具有较高的分解效率及准确地刻画信号的能力,并由此发展了能消除多分量信号交叉干扰项的时频分析方法。应用HHT对内燃机敲缸信号进行分析,有效地提取故障的特征信息,为往复机械的状态监测及故障诊断提供了一条有效途径。     

Duality in Multiple-Objective Optimization Involving Generalized F-invexity

This paper studies the duality of the Multiobjective optimization problem involving generalized F-invex functions in Banach space. The constraint qualification and lemma 1 are introduced. The Wolfe type of duality and Mond-Weir type of duality are obtained. Strong and weak duaity theorems and other results are given under weaker F- invexity assumptions.