基于多列空洞卷积神经网络的麦穗计数方法研究

田间麦穗计数因主要依靠人工而存在耗时长、成本高等问题,为提高麦穗计数的效率和准确性,提出基于人群计数卷积神经网络的麦穗计数方法,在图像基础上进行麦穗数量自动化计数.试验改进了现有人群计数模型中的多列卷积神经网络MCNN和空洞卷积神经网络CSRNet,并对MCNN和CSRNet进行融合,建立了多列卷积神经网络MCSRNe...     

日本细毛环腹瘿蜂对斑翅果蝇的寄生效能

日本细毛环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina japonica是斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii的优势寄生性天敌之一, 对斑翅果蝇具有良好的生防潜力。为更好地利用日本细毛环腹瘿蜂防控斑翅果蝇, 本研究在室内观察了日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的行为活动和生长发育特征。采用室内接虫法研究了该蜂对斑翅果蝇2龄幼虫的寄生能力。分别运用Holling Ⅱ型圆盘方程、搜寻效应方程和Hassell-Varley模型拟合分析了日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的寄生功能反应、搜寻效应和自身密度干扰效应。结果表明:日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的寄生功能反应符合Holling Ⅱ模型, 其拟合方程为:Na=0.70N/(1+0.03N); 寄生效能(a/Th)为15.78; 在一定空间内, 寄生蜂的寄生量随寄主密度增加而增大, 至寄主密度达25头/罐后寄生量趋于平稳; 寄生蜂的搜寻效应随着寄主密度的增加而减弱; 当斑翅果蝇的密度分别为10、20、30头/罐时寄生蜂自身密度干扰模型分别为E10=0.487 8P-0.871 3; E20=0.442 0P-0.676 8和E30=0.346 2P-0.433 7, 在同一寄主密度下, 日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的寻找效应均随自身密度的增加而减弱。日本细毛环腹瘿蜂对斑翅果蝇2龄幼虫具有较好的寄生效能, 但寄主密度较大会导致日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的寄生效能减弱, 随着寄生蜂自身密度的增加, 其种内个体间会出现干扰作用。     

Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.     

掌叶覆盆子种子繁殖力关键影响因素分析

掌叶覆盆子野外种群的更新由根蘖繁殖完成,实生苗罕见,种子繁殖力低。本研究从掌叶覆盆子种子的结实特性、采种期、储藏时间、母树来源、激素含量变化与种子萌发等方面对其种子繁殖力影响因素进行了全面的分析。结果表明:掌叶覆盆子种子数量充足,群体内结实特性保持着一致性;当年熟果种子活力达到75.33%,储藏时间超过1年种子活力迅速下降且发芽率为0;不同母树来源种子发芽率无差异;青果、黄绿果时期种子活力和发芽率都较低,熟果和过熟果实种子活力达最高值且基本一致,但熟果GA 3/ABA比值最大,发芽率最高;不管是否添加外源激素,随着果实过熟程度加深,种子发芽率迅速下降,种子休眠程度也随之加深;酸蚀和激素可有效破除休眠,提高发芽率。采种时间、储藏时间、酸蚀和赤霉素催芽等是影响掌叶覆盆子繁殖力的关键因素。     

转Xa21基因杂交水稻选育和评价

通过基因枪转基因方法和双质粒共转化体系将Xa21基因转入优良恢复系明恢63,得到转基因系M12和M22,并进一步做田间试验、新品种选育和食用安全性评价。结果显示:M12和M22对中国的所有白叶枯病小种都表现出高度抗性,但与原受体品种明恢63相比,农艺性状上有许多变异,主要表现在:结实率、千粒重等农艺性状变差,与珍汕97A的配合力显著降低;但与温敏不育系(X07S、056S)配组的F1有较好的田间表现。通过多代回交和分子标记辅助选择,成功地将Xa21基因从M12株系转到保持系80-4B和不育系80-4A中,得到抗白叶枯病的皖21B和皖21A。并利用皖21A不育系选育出优良杂交组合抗优97(皖21A×R-18),该组合在两年区域试验和一年生产试验中产量表现突出,米质优良。对不同世代和不同遗传背景的转基因品系进行白叶枯病鉴定和Southern分析表明:Xa21基因都能稳定遗传和正常表达,连续16代的种植并没使其白叶枯病的抗性减弱或丧失,而且不论Xa21基因是纯合的还是杂合的都有相同的抗性表现。对大鼠和小鼠的饲喂试验表明:转基因大米实质上等同于非转基因大米,是安全无害的。     

不同鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性分析

[目的]研究新疆主栽鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性差异和引起裂果生理原因,分析鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性差异,为生产过程中降低裂果发生率生产调控措施的选择提供理论依据.[方法]以无核白、无核紫、无核白鸡心、新郁等12个鲜食葡萄品种为研究对象,分析成熟期浸水诱导裂果,对不同鲜食葡萄品种的裂果特性,通过石蜡切片测定果皮细胞结构特征,测定果...     

鹅细小病毒四平分离株VP3基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已发表的鹅细小病毒(GPV)核苷酸序列,设计并合成了1对引物,对吉林农业大学预防兽医学研究室分离鉴定的GPV四平株(SP)主要保护性抗原蛋白VP3基因进行扩增。所得到的PCR产物片段大小约1.6 kb,与预期片段大小相符。将该片段纯化后与T载体连接,转化到感受态大肠杆菌JM-109中进行克隆。对所提质粒进行快速鉴定、PCR鉴定以及限制性内切酶NheⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切鉴定,筛选阳性重组质粒,对重组质粒测序并进行核苷酸序列分析。结果表明:GPV四平株VP3基因长1 605 nt,包含了完整编码GPV VP3蛋白阅读框,且与国内GPV分离株B,GD,HG5/82相应核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的同源性较高,分别为96.2%,96.3%,96.4%和97.4%,98.7%,98.9%。据此认为,GPV四平株VP3基因可以作为构建具有普遍应用价值的基因工程疫苗的候选基因。     

Research on the modeling method of soybean leaf＇s structure simulation

Leaf is one of the most important organs of soybean. The modeling of soybean leaf structure is useful to research of leaf function. The paper discussed it from two aspects that were distilling method of leaf profile and establishing method of leaf simulation model. It put forward basic method of soybean leaf digital process, and successfully established simulation model of soybean leaf structure based on L-system. It also solved a critical problem in the process of establishing soybean growth simulation model. And the research had guiding significance to establishment of soybean plant model.     

卵形鲳鲶消化酶活性的研究I．成鱼和幼鱼消化酶活性在不同消化器官中的分布及其比较

比较研究了卯形鲳够（Trachinotus ovatus）成鱼和幼鱼阶段消化酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）在不同消化器官中的活性。结果表明：1）成鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉前肠〉中肠〉幽门盲囊〉后肠〉肝;淀粉酶活性为前肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉中肠〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为前肠〉中肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。2）幼鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝;淀粉酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。3）成鱼不同消化器官中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性均小于幼鱼,成鱼胃和幽门盲囊的淀粉酶活性与幼鱼的差异显著;幼鱼胃脂肪酶活性大于成鱼,但其他器官的活性均小于成鱼。卵形鲳鳕幼鱼不同消化器官中的3种消化酶活性大小顺序与成鱼基本相似。