草莓镶脉病毒（SVBV）启动子的克隆及序列分析

【目的】对草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)启动子进行序列测定和分析,为进一步研究该启动子稳定表达活性、表达类型及驱动外源基因稳定表达提供理论依据。【方法】用CTAB法从感染SVBV的草莓叶片中提取总DNA,设计特异性引物扩增SVBV启动子,克隆并测序。将SVBV启动子与花椰菜花叶病毒属其他成员的启动子核苷酸序列进行比较,并构建其系统关系树,再用PlantCARE软件分析SVBV启动子序列中的各个作用元件。【结果】获得全长为1017 bp的SVBV启动子。序列比列表明,本研究构建的中国SVBV启动子与美国SVBV启动子序列相似性最高,达77.29%。从构建的系统关系树可以看出,中国SVBV启动子与美国SVBV启动子单独聚成一个亚分支,说明来源于草莓的2个SVBV启动子亲缘关系最近。另外,SVBV启动子和花椰菜花叶病毒(CaMV)启动子亲缘关系虽然相对较近,但二者序列相似性较低,说明SVBV启动子与CaMV 35 S启动子的结构差异较大。进一步分析表明,SVBV启动子除了具有一般植物启动子的典型作用元件TATA-box和CAAT-box外,还具有一些与组织特异性表达或诱导表达相关的调节因子。【结论】SVBV启动子具有多种转录顺式作用元件,可能是一个在双子叶植物中具有较强驱动活性的组成型启动子。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

梨矮化砧对早金香矮化性及叶片矿质元素含量影响

[目的]以3种矮化砧木做中间砧嫁接早金香梨,进行矮砧嫁接树矮化效应及叶片矿质元素含量研究.[方法]根据公式计算致矮系数;分别采用凯氏法、钒钼黄比色法和火焰光度法测定N、P、K含量,Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量的测定采用原子吸收光度法.[结果](1)3个矮化砧木对早金香梨嫁接树均有显著的致矮作用,致矮效果由大到小依次为:中矮2号＞ 82-5＞中矮1号;(2)早金香梨嫁接树叶片中,被测矿质元素均与对照有极显著差异,其中,中矮1号、82-5做矮化砧的嫁接树叶片中,N、Ca、Mg、Fe含量均表现升高的趋势,Fe分别升高了66.5;和53.6;;而中矮2号做矮化砧的嫁接树叶片中,所测定的矿质元素的含量均有不同程度的下降,其中K和Ca的降低程度均超过了10;.[结论]中矮2号为矮化砧木类型,82-5、中矮1号为半矮化砧木类型;中矮1号、82-5矮化中间砧能促进嫁接树对矿质元素的吸收,尤其是对Fe的吸收,而中矮2号矮化中间砧作用相反,需增施肥加以改善.     

不同灌溉方式对棉田土壤物理性质的影响

以新疆生产建设兵团125团滴灌、沟灌、漫灌的棉田土壤为研究对象,分别测定不同灌溉方式棉田土壤的比重、容重、孔隙度以及团聚体结构和机械组成等物理性状.结果表明:棉田不同灌溉方式对其土壤各种物理性状产生了不同程度的影响.比重、容重表现为漫灌＞沟灌＞滴灌,而孔隙度则反之;土壤团聚体中粒径小于0.25 mm的微团聚体占了较大比重,良好结构团聚体的含量表现为滴灌＞沟灌＞漫灌,而微团聚体则相反;土壤机械组成中砂粒的含量占了较大比重,而砾石没有,砂粒、粉粒的含量均表现为漫灌＞沟灌＞滴灌,而粘粒则表现相反.     

‘中梁22号’小麦抗条锈基因的遗传分析

采用常规杂交方法,以陇南重要小麦生产品种‘中梁22号’作母本,感病品种‘铭贤169’作父本进行杂交,在F2代材料苗期分别接种条锈菌单孢菌系‘条中32号’、‘水14’、‘水7’和‘水4’.抗性遗传结果表明:对‘条中32号’,F2代植株抗感分离比为24∶390,符合理论比1∶15;对‘水14’,F2代植株抗感分离比为46∶341,符合理论比9∶55;对‘水7’,F2代植株抗感分离比为190∶225,符合理论比7∶9;对‘水4’,F2代植株抗感分离比为212∶151,符合理论比9∶7,经卡方测验上述结果均符合理论结果.据此推知‘中梁22号’对‘条中32号’的抗性由2对隐性抗性基因控制,‘水14’由2对显性抗性基因和1对隐性抗性基因控制,‘水7’由2对隐性互补抗性基因控制,‘水4’由2对显性累加抗性基因控制.     

污泥好氧堆肥过程中有机质含量的变化

【目的】研究污泥好氧堆肥过程中有机质含量的变化,为提高污泥堆肥质量及正确评价污泥堆肥的肥效提供参考依据。【方法】以城市污泥和小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆为堆肥原料,设置4个处理(处理1调理剂为小麦秸秆糠(d<5 mm),处理2调理剂为小麦秸秆段(3 cm相似文献   

高温胁迫对兴安桧生理特性的影响

[目的]为兴安桧在城市园林中的应用和栽培管理提供理论依据。[方法]选用2年生盆栽扦插苗,置于40℃人工智能气候箱中进行2、4和6 h的耐热处理,测定不同生理生化指标的变化规律。[结果]随着高温胁迫时间的延长,叶绿素含量先下降后上升;蛋白质含量逐渐降低;SOD、POD活性上升;MDA含量先下降后上升,但明显低于对照。[结论]兴安桧是对高温忍耐能力较强的园林地被植物。     

茉莉酸甲酯对烟草抗黄瓜花叶病毒的诱导效应

用1 g.L-1茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)处理小十字期烟草幼苗,烟苗移栽后长至10片真叶时再用相同浓度MJ处理一次,并接种烟草黄瓜花叶病毒,研究茉莉酸甲酯对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的诱导效应.结果表明:接种CMV后21 d,MJ处理烟株的病情显著低于对照,诱导效果达到43.24%;MJ处理提高了烟草幼苗叶片内的过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶及超氧化物歧化酶的活性和过氧化氢的含量;而接种CMV后,MJ处理烟株叶片过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,过氧化物酶活性增强,过氧化氢含量明显升高.     

玉米骨干自交系幼胚再生体系的建立

以玉米骨干自交系‘87-1’、‘综3’、‘137’和‘K12’的幼胚为外植体,研究了影响玉米幼胚再生体系建立的相关因素.结果表明:87-1幼胚在附加500 mg.L-1L-Pro5、00 mg.L-1L-Asn和2.5 mg.L-12,4-D的N6B5基本培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,平均可高达98.1%;初级愈伤组织在附加500 mg.L-1L-Pro5、00 mg.L-1L-Asn和1.25 mg.L-12,4-D的N6B5继代培养基上胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高,平均可高达65.6%.在相同诱导、继代培养基和相同培养条件下,4个不同基因型玉米骨干自交系的愈伤组织诱导率无显著性差异,而其胚性愈伤组织诱导率具有显著性差异.继代培养次数对绿苗分化率也产生重要影响,具有显著性差异,其中,1次继代分化率最高;1/2MS培养基附加0.2 mg.L-1KT更有利于分化苗生根.     

网纹甜瓜玻璃苗外观形态、显微结构及生理特性的研究

为研究网纹甜瓜离体快繁过程中玻璃化苗的外观形态、显微结构及生理特性,在第2次继代培养结束时,取玻璃苗观察外观形态并做石蜡切片,同时测定其相关生理指标.结果表明:玻璃苗植株节间短缩、节不明显、半透明、浅绿色.叶片肥厚肿胀,表面凹凸不平,皱缩并纵向卷曲,脆弱易破碎.叶肉细胞细胞壁不完全,栅栏组织和海绵组织无明显区别,甚至无栅栏组织,细胞排列疏散、凌乱,细胞壁的某些区域出现空洞.其组织含水量极显著高于正常苗;叶绿素含量、总可溶性糖和还原糖的含量均极显著低于正常苗;过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醉(MDA)含量均高于正常苗,而苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD))活性均显著低于正常苗.可见,玻璃苗的外部形态异常是内部结构所致,且玻璃苗与正常苗生理特性存在明显差异.