可视化编程技术在发动机外特性曲线绘制中的应用

通过对汽车发动机外特性的理论分析,在处理汽车发动机外特性曲线时,建立了一种适合处理发动机外特性曲线的三次样条函数拟合的数学模型,在C Builder可视化开发平台上,编制了汽车发动机外特性曲线绘制程序.利用三次样条函数插值法对实验数据进行拟合,实现了发动机外特性曲线绘制的自动化.     

Modeling soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated intercropping field under plastic mulch

Intercropping, drip irrigation, and the use of plastic mulch are important management practices, which can, when utilized simultaneously, increase crop production and save irrigation water. Investigating soil water dynamics in the root zone of the intercropping field under such conditions is essential in order to understand the combined effects of these practices and to promote their wider use. However, not much work has been done to investigate soil water dynamics in the root zone of drip-irrigated, strip intercropping fields under plastic mulch. Three field experiments with different irrigation treatments (high T1, moderate T2, and low T3) were conducted to evaluate soil water contents (SWC) at different locations, for different irrigation treatments, and with respect to dripper lines and plants (corn and tomatoes). Experimental data were then used to calibrate the HYDRUS (2D/3D) model. Comparison between experimental data and model simulations showed that HYDRUS (2D/3D) described different irrigation events and SWC in the root zone well, with average relative errors of 10.8, 9.5, and 11.6 % for irrigation treatments T1, T2, and T3, respectively, and with corresponding root mean square errors of 0.043, 0.035, and 0.040 cm³ cm^?3, respectively. The results showed that the SWC in the shallow root zone (0–40 cm) was lower under non-mulched locations than under mulched locations, irrespective of the irrigation treatment, while no significant differences in the SWC were observed in the deeper root zone (40–100 cm). The SWC in the shallow root zone was significantly higher for the high irrigation treatment (T1) than for the low irrigation treatment, while, again, no differences were observed in the deeper root zone. Simulations of two-dimensional SWC distributions revealed that the low irrigation treatment (T3) produced serious severe water stress (with SWCs near the wilting point) in the 30–40 cm part of the root zone, and that using separate drip emitter lines for each crop is well suited for producing the optimal soil water distribution pattern in the root zone of the intercropping field. The results of this study can be very useful in designing an optimal irrigation plan for intercropped fields.     

Crop water requirements for rainfed and irrigated grain corn in China

A basic parametric crop water use model (WATER) that employes climatic and environmental data to calculate temporal and spatial water consumption for a variety of major corps was applied specifically for grain corn to the region of China and Korea to investigate the evapotranspiration (ET) demand on grain corn and the associated irrigation water applications necessary for optimal crop production. A network of 241 stations provided the seasonal climatic input. The climatic input consisted of data averaged over approximately a 20 year period. Among the results, highest ET under full irrigation (first harvest) occurred in the northwestern inland sections of China, whereas least ET was found for the southeast. Under rainfed conditions, the relationship became nearly inverse. In order to achieve optimum crop yields, about 1000 mm of irrigation water was needed in the northwest, contrasted with none required in the south and east of China. A sensitivity analysis was applied to determine the degree of error introduced by faulty or uncertain environmental input data.     

在水泵制造企业中应用成组技术

通过水泵生产企业现状的调查分析，在为某水泵厂开发计算机辅助企业现代化管理系统的基础上，提出了水泵生产企业运用成组技术，强化企业内部管理的内容和方法。     

电动助力转向系统直流伺服技术的研究

针对电动转向系统原有单一控制方式的不足，根据直流脉宽调制伺服系统工作原理，提出了一种带有助力和阻尼两种模式的综合控制方式。通过对两种模式分别进行分析计算，提出了一种针对占空比和控制模式的修正方法。台架性能试验验证表明，采用这种伺服控制方式，电动助力转向系统快速回正时的平稳性有所提高。     

基于Pro/E Wildfire的水泵叶轮精确建模

基于传统的叶片加工方式，从现有的二维水力木模图的型值点出发，基于Pro／E Wildfire软件，采用从点到线、从线到曲面、再从曲面到实体的方法，实现了泵叶轮空间扭曲叶片和圆柱形叶片的三维实体造型，利用制造模具的常用方法实现了泵叶轮和流道的造型，造型方法精确，为后续的流场数值模拟和数控加工奠定了基础。     

基于组件技术的开放式数控系统体系结构

为实现开放式数控系统的可移植性、可扩展性及可互换性等特性,引进软件工程学思想,提出了基于组件技术的开放式数控系统体系结构。阐述了组件技术的原理及实现技术。软件设计采用双层面设计方式,利用CORBA组件模型并使用星式通讯机制,建立各组件之间的组成及通讯方式。以自主研发的混联式虚拟轴研抛机床为平台,进行了三维曲线加工轨迹仿真实验,表明基于该体系结构的数控系统具有良好的开放性及动态性能。     

浙江红花油茶高接换冠成活率影响因素研究

为研究浙江红花油茶高接换冠成活率影响因素,解决嫁接成活率低的问题,2013年6月从中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所引进浙江红花油茶优树穗条,在青田县大垟山林场开展浙江红花油茶高接换冠试验,分析砧木林郁闭度、坡位、砧木生长势及接穗保存时间等因素对嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明,林分郁闭度在0.3~0.7之间,随着郁闭度增加嫁接平均成活率提高;郁闭度在0.7~0.9之间,随着郁闭度增加,嫁接成活率降低;当郁闭度为0.7时,嫁接成活率最高为88.8%。山腰的嫁接成活率高达86%,显著高于山顶和山脚。浙江红花油茶砧木生长势越强嫁接成活率越高。接穗于采集当天嫁接效果最好成活率达89.1%,接穗保存1、2、3、4、5、6天嫁接,成活率分别为85.2%、75.2%、51.6%、28.1%、12.2%、9.3%。偏相关分析表明,各因素对嫁接成活率影响由大到小依次为接穗保存时间(-0.97)、郁闭度(0.85)、生长势(0.81)、坡位(-0.65)。     

配电网检修计划优化实践

配电网设备检修能够及时发现常规试验或外观检查难以察觉的问题,使电网设备隐患或故障得到及时消除,通过合理有序安排检修工作,可有效提高电网的供电可靠性[1]。常规的检修计划制定过程通常包含分部门收集与汇总的过程,存在着潜在冲突与不合理之处,在实施之前,需要从技术与管理角度进行优化。