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31.
Jenkins WJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,196(4287):291-292
The newly developed technique of "tritium-helium dating" has been used to investigate in situ rates of oceanic oxygen utilization. As an example, an apparent oxygen utilization rate of 0.20 +/- 0.02 milliliter per liter of water per year has been obtained for the Subtropical Mode water (18 degrees C water) in the Sargasso Sea. 相似文献
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Kennett JP Houtz RE Andrews PB Edwards AR Gostin VA Hajos M Hampton MA Jenkins DG Margolis SV Ovenshine AT Perch-Nielsen K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,186(4159):144-147
Deep-sea drilling in the Southern Ocean south of Australia and New Zealand shows that the Circum-Antarctic Current developed about 30 million years ago in the middle to late Oligocene when final separation occurred between Antarctica and the continental South Tasman Rise. Australia had commenced drifting northward from Antarctica 20 million years before this. 相似文献
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Armbrust EV Berges JA Bowler C Green BR Martinez D Putnam NH Zhou S Allen AE Apt KE Bechner M Brzezinski MA Chaal BK Chiovitti A Davis AK Demarest MS Detter JC Glavina T Goodstein D Hadi MZ Hellsten U Hildebrand M Jenkins BD Jurka J Kapitonov VV Kröger N Lau WW Lane TW Larimer FW Lippmeier JC Lucas S Medina M Montsant A Obornik M Parker MS Palenik B Pazour GJ Richardson PM Rynearson TA Saito MA Schwartz DC Thamatrakoln K Valentin K Vardi A Wilkerson FP Rokhsar DS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5693):79-86
Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million-base pair draft nuclear genome of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its 129 thousand-base pair plastid and 44 thousand-base pair mitochondrial genomes. Sequence and optical restriction mapping revealed 24 diploid nuclear chromosomes. We identified novel genes for silicic acid transport and formation of silica-based cell walls, high-affinity iron uptake, biosynthetic enzymes for several types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, use of a range of nitrogenous compounds, and a complete urea cycle, all attributes that allow diatoms to prosper in aquatic environments. 相似文献
36.
Memory B cells formed in response to microbial antigens provide immunity to later infections; however, the inability to detect rare endogenous antigen-specific cells limits current understanding of this process. Using an antigen-based technique to enrich these cells, we found that immunization with a model protein generated B memory cells that expressed isotype-switched immunoglobulins (swIg) or retained IgM. The more numerous IgM(+) cells were longer lived than the swIg(+) cells. However, swIg(+) memory cells dominated the secondary response because of the capacity to become activated in the presence of neutralizing serum immunoglobulin. Thus, we propose that memory relies on swIg(+) cells until they disappear and serum immunoglobulin falls to a low level, in which case memory resides with durable IgM(+) reserves. 相似文献
37.
Ryo Kubota Mark A. Schell Gabriel D. Peckham Joanne Rue Anne M. Alvarez Caitilyn Allen Daniel M. Jenkins 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(3):182-193
New rapid diagnostic methods are urgently needed to discriminate the quarantine pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) race 3 biovar 2 (R3B2) from other populations of Rs that lack the adaptation to cause bacterial wilt disease in temperate
regions. We used an in silico bioinformatic approach to identify several genome sequences potentially specific to R3B2 strains. Primer sets were designed
to PCR-amplify sequences in these regions, and four sets were ultimately shown to be >99% accurate for detection of R3B2 strains.
On the basis of these results, several primers were designed to enable development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification
assay that was rapid, technologically simple, and essentially 100% accurate for identification of R3B2 when applied to a comprehensive
collection of geographically diverse Rs strains. We fortuitously found that a sequence in one of the “R3B2-specific” regions
has ~90% identity to a sequence present in strains of the blood disease bacterium (BDB), a member of the Rs species complex
that infects banana. Alignments of these sequences allowed design of a second PCR primer set that proved 100% accurate for
identification of BDB strains when tested on the 22 BDB strains available to us. These results demonstrate the power of in silico genomic subtraction for rapid identification of population-specific DNA sequences and for the development of simple, reliable
detection methods for Rs subpopulations. 相似文献
38.
R. C. Helliwell J. J. L. Davies C. D. Evans A. Jenkins M. C. Coull B. Reynolds D. Norris R. C. Ferrier 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,185(1-4):3-19
This study examines the seasonal variability in levels of nitrogen (N) leaching and acidity in four acid impacted upland regions of the UK: the South Pennines, Snowdonia, Galloway and the Mourne Mountains. All regions are acidified, with median pH values of <5.5. The South Pennines exhibit excess sulphate concentrations an order of magnitude higher than those for other regions and have the lowest pH values of all the regions. Nitrate concentrations are highest in the South Pennines (seasonal medians 20–26 μeq l?1) and the Mourne Mountains (seasonal medians 9–26 μeq l?1). Surface water in the Mourne Mountains is the most highly N impacted in terms of the proportional contribution of N to acidity. All N species exhibit seasonality, with greater retention by catchment soils and vegetation in August. This seasonality is most marked in Snowdonia and least marked in the South Pennines. This implies that the South Pennines have reached an advanced stage of N saturation. Despite the reductions in S deposition, xSO4 is the dominant anion for all sites in the South Pennine and Snowdonia regions. A strong negative relationship between the contribution of NO3 to total acidity and DON was observed for all regions except the South Pennines. It is hypothesized that catchments dominated by organic rich soils produced more DON and have an increased capacity to immobilise NO3. Seasonal nitrogen budgets show that over 60% of the N inputs are retained within catchments, and no site retains all incoming N throughout the year. 相似文献
39.
David Jenkins 《Biological conservation》1981,20(2):123-132
Habitats for inclusion within otter havens are illustrated from a case-history study on the middle part of the Aberdeenshire River Dee. The environment is divided into breeding and rearing areas and places for non-breeding otters. One good location for a haven incorporating all three habitats includes 12–13 km of river and two nearly lochs. In this area, part of the river bank is inaccessible, and there are secluded islands and deep woods. Havens should include tiny tributaries leading to shelter where otters are likely to have their young. An otter haven in mid-Deeside planned to incorporate all these habitats may be regarded as a model for conservation that could be followed in other similar environments elsewhere. 相似文献
40.
J. K. Delson R. T. Jenkins W. L. Stillinger R. Beune N. Halberg 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,(1):ix-xi
Preface and acknowledgment 相似文献