利用ISSR标记分析福云（半）同胞系茶树品种（系）的遗传多样性和亲缘关系

福鼎大白茶和云南大叶茶是茶树育种中的骨干亲本,利用这两个亲本选育了许多优良的品种（系）。本研究利用ISSR标记技术分析了40个福云（半）同胞系茶树品种（系）的遗传变异水平和亲缘关系。14个ISSR引物在供试品种（系）间共扩增出251条谱带,多态性条带的比率为96.4％。引物的PIC值平均为0.94,Rp值平均为29.35,表明引物扩增位点的高多态性和对品种的强辨别能力。40份供试品种（系）的基因多样性指数（H）为0.35,Shannon信息指数（I）为0.52。按母本来源和育种机构对供试品种（系）进行分组分析,结果表明不同品种（系）组间的遗传多样性水平比较接近,遗传变异主要存在于组内品种（系）的个体之间,不同组间基因交流明显。供试品种（系）间的相似系数介于0.52-0.75,根据相似系数矩阵按UPGMA法对40个供试品种（系）进行聚类分析,构建了不同品种（系）间的亲缘关系树状图。福鼎大白茶在树状图中形成单独的分支,在树状图的根基处,其它品种（系）根据遗传距离聚类成不同的类群。来源于同一育种单位的部分茶树品种（系）聚类在同一类群中,但未发现按母本来源区分的独立类群。总之,通过ISSR标记分析,可在基因组水平上进一步了解福云（半）同胞系茶树品种（系）间的遗传变异水平,并进一步明确其亲缘关系,为今后福云（半）同胞系在茶树育种上的有效利用提供依据。     

茶树黄酮醇合成酶基因的克隆与原核表达

本研究采用EST测序技术和RT—PCR技术,获得了一个茶树茶多酚代谢中的重要基因——黄酮醇合成酶（FLS）基因,在GenBank登录（GenBank accession No．EF205150）,其序列全长1317bp,其中开放阅读框长996bp,编码331个氨基酸,3]端有一个明显的多聚腺苷酸加尾信号,推测的蛋白分子量约为37．5kD,理论等电点为5．80。序列分析表明它与葡萄FLS基因序列的亲缘关系比较近。将该基因重组到表达载体pET-32a（＋）中进行原核表达,经IPTG诱导、SDS-PAGE检测,结果表明茶树黄酮醇合成酶基因能在大肠杆菌BL21中表达,电泳检测到一条大约61kD的外源蛋白,与预测的融合蛋白分子量相符。用Ni-NTA亲和层析柱对融合蛋白进行纯化,得到了纯度在90%以上的纯化蛋白,为进一步研究PET-FLS融合蛋白的活性及功能奠定了基础。     

中国茶叶科研体系及其研究进展

一、中国茶叶科研体系 1．研究机构设置 1949年以来,中国从中央到地方相继建成了一批从事茶叶科研的茶叶专业研究机构和农业大学,形成了包括由国家到地方,有高校、农科院（所）等专业研究机构以及企业组成的中国茶叶产业技术研发体系。中国大陆目前有省级（包括直辖市）以上茶叶研究所13家,其中全国性茶叶专业研究机构2家,安徽省、福建省、江西省、湖北省、     

Analysis and Evaluation of Biochemical Components in Bitter Tea Plant Germplasms

Bitter tea is a special kind of tea germplasm in China.The major biochemical components of 24 bitter teas and other 8 Camellia sinensis var.sinensis and 8 C.sinensis var.assamica tea germplasms,which were stored in the China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository(CNGHTR),were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that no significant differences of major biochemical components affecting the tea quality were found between bitter tea and common tea.According to the processing suitability index,bitter tea was suitable for the manufacturing of black tea;while according to evolutionary indices such as the composition and content of catechin,bitter tea was similar to C.sinensis var.assamica belonging to the relatively primitive type in evolution.The results of cluster analysis indicated that bitter tea was clustered with C.sinensis var.assamica,so it could be considered to belong to C.sinensis var.assamica.     

The common carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis> in Croatia (Danube and Adriatic basins): a historical review

This review provides the first historical account of the ecology and biology of common carp Cyprinus carpio in the Danube and Adriatic basins of Croatia, and emphasises the species’ economic relevance and management implications. As a semi-native species that is native to the Danube but translocated across the Adriatic Basin, carp plays an important role for aquaculture, recreational and artisanal fisheries. However, original strains have now disappeared, and because of genetic pollution in inland waters there is an increasing demand for restoring populations of the now rare and threatened wild carp, making conservation measures a priority. Translocations of carp across water bodies of the Adriatic Basin mostly for food supply did not prove successful in the long term, as the resulting ecological impacts may have been higher than the expected economic advantages. Measures for the prevention of further (uncontrolled) carp re-stocking are therefore necessary and this will require closer collaboration between scientists and environmental managers.     

ISSR和EST-SSR标记在检测中国、日本和肯尼亚茶树品种遗传多样性上的比较分析

本研究利用ISSR和EST-SSR标记对中国13个、日本4个与肯尼亚5个茶树品种的遗传多样性进行分析,重点比较了ISSR和EST-SSR在多态性位点数、引物解析能力、多态性信息含量和标记系数等方面的差异。结果表明在位点检测能力上ISSR明显高于EST-SSR,每条ISSR引物可检测的平均条带数（12.5）比每对EST-SSR引物（3.1）高三倍。ISSR标记的Rp值是EST-SSR标记的6.3倍,其多态性信息含量（PIC）和标记系数（MI）也明显高于EST-SSR,这表明ISSR具较高的多态性位点检测能力和较高的标记效率。EST-SSR揭示的Nei基因多样性（H=0.28）高于ISSR（0.21）,这种差异进而会影响到遗传距离和聚类分析的结果。在检测中国、日本和肯尼亚茶树品种的遗传差异上,两种标记表现出较一致的趋势,中国茶树品种在多态性位点数量、Nei基因多样性、遗传距离上均大于日本和肯尼亚的茶树品种。研究还表明,由于EST-SSR可检测到等位位点的变异,它比ISSR可以更准确地反映和揭示供试品种的遗传多样性水平。同时由于单个EST-SSR标记检测到的位点数量较ISSR标记少,且特异性较强,谱带较易分辨,因此比ISSR标记更适用于对大量样本的分析。     

大代蛾发生规律与防治研究

大袋蛾是多种林木及茶、果的重要害虫。一年发生1代,以老熟幼虫越冬。常有不完全第2代发生。雌蛾平均每头产卵2623粒。由于雌蛾无翅,主要靠幼龄幼虫吐丝随风扬迁扩散,但在茶树等灌丛、矮树上飘迁有限,形成“为害中心”;在乔木上,则扬迁扩散迅速,易于大片发生。幼虫食叶量大,4、5龄幼虫暴食,8—9月间为害严重。幼虫较耐干旱,相对湿度40％时,孵化率仍达90％以上。食性杂,但不同树种间虫口差异明显。幼龄幼虫期受雨水冲刷和瓢虫等捕食,成长幼虫被寄蝇寄生、病害感染和鸟类啄食,综合构成大袋蛾的有力的自然控制因素。幼虫喜光,多聚于枝梢上部,利于果树修剪减少虫口。药剂防治宜于幼龄幼虫期进行,并适当重喷喷湿袋囊,敌百虫、敌敌畏、1605均有良好防治效果。     

Effect of Acid Aluminous Soil on Photosynthetic Parameters of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Potato is grown worldwide, in some cases in very acid soils. Aluminum (Al) is a major limiting factor for crop productivity in acid soils. Al toxicity was studied mainly on plant roots, while less attention was given to its effects on leaves. Al tolerance observed in solution cultures has rarely been correlated with Al tolerance in acid soils. Al tolerance was assessed in 12 potato cultivars grown in nutrient solutions containing 0, 25, and 50 μmol Al L^?1 by its relative root elongation (RRE). The effect of acid soil with high level of exchangeable Al on leaf mineral content, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, water use efficiency (WUE), and light use efficiency (LUE) was studied on cultivars, with the greatest differences in RRE (cv. Tresor, 63.1 and 42.5% and cv. Canberra, 23.3 and 19.2%, for the 25 and 50 μmol Al L^?1 treatments, respectively), grown for 49 days after planting (DAP) in acid and limed soil. Growth in acid soil significantly reduced concentrations of nitrogen (?18.51%) and magnesium (?27.17%) in the leaves in cv. Canberra and concentrations of potassium and copper in both cultivars. Canberra grown in acid soil showed a significant decrease in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, from 28 to 49 DAP, and in transpiration rate and LUE when averaged across all measurements, while cv. Tresor was not affected. Physiological disorders observed on leaves of plants grown in acid soil can be correlated with the differences in Al tolerance observed in nutrient solutions.