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41.
Commonly used equations of gaseous transport by diffusion are examined and the two parameters required for each equation are tabulated from the literature. The advantages and limitations of the commonly used linear —D/Do = a(S?b) — and curvilinear — D/Do = KSm— equations are considered and a new diffusion equation is proposed to combine the advantages of the previous equations. This new equation, like the others, requires only two parameters. It takes the form D/Do = [(S?u)/(1?u)]v and may serve as a basis for studying and more accurately modeling gas transport in porous media. 相似文献
42.
M. Rafiqul Islam Abdul Hamid Qazi Abdul Khaliq Jalal Uddin Ahmed M. Moynul Haque M. Abdul Karim 《Euphytica》2007,156(1-2):247-255
The study was an exploratory in nature conducted using a large number of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes of diverse growth habit and adaptive characters. Soil flooding induced changes in eleven morpho-physiological
characters of one-week old seedlings of 530 mungbean genotypes was compared in the study. The first and second principal components
(PC) of principal component analysis (PCA) results accounted for 58 and 14%, respectively of the total variations of mungbean
genotypes. The variation for first PC was composed mainly of relative dry weight (DW) of shoot and leaf as well as total DW.
The second PC distinguished the genotypes that produced larger root system. There were seven clusters distinguished in the
cluster analysis. The genotypes in cluster 4 and 6 performed better in respect of relative total DW and relative root DW,
respectively and hence having flooding tolerance. The genotypes in clusters 7 and 1 performed very poorly and those of under
clusters 3, 2 and 5 were moderate to poor. D2 analysis indicated that the clusters differed significantly from each other. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) reaffirmed
that more than 90% of the genotypes were correctly assigned to clusters. Both PCA and DFA confirmed that the relative total
DW followed by shoot and leaf DW as well as leaf area were the major discriminatory variables and the root : shoot ratio and
root DW were the secondary important variables to distinguish genotypes into groups. In this study, multivariate analyses
were used in identifying the mungbean genotypes of desirable traits for flooding tolerance. 相似文献
43.
A. K. Joshi M. Azab M. Mosaad M. Moselhy M. Osmanzai S. Gelalcha G. Bedada M. R. Bhatta A. Hakim P. K. Malaker M. E. Haque T. P. Tiwari A. Majid M. R. Jalal Kamali Z. Bishaw R. P. Singh T. Payne H. J. Braun 《Euphytica》2011,179(1):187-196
An important step towards reducing the vulnerability of wheat in Africa and Asia to the Ug99 race of the stem rust pathogen is the substitution of current susceptible varieties with superior resistant varieties. In the 2008?C2009 cropping season both seed multiplication and dissemination of Ug99 resistant varieties were initiated in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, India, Nepal and Pakistan. Ug99 resistant varieties must occupy about 5% of the area sown to wheat in each country to ensure sufficient seed to displace current popular varieties. Because of the underdeveloped seed industry and small farm sizes in most of these countries, various strategies are being applied for rapid multiplication and dissemination of resistant varieties. Approaches being used include pre-release seed multiplication while candidate resistant lines are being tested in national evaluation trials and farmer participatory selection. Resistant varieties are already released in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt and Pakistan and more varieties are expected to be released in 2010 in these and other countries. Our results show that some new Ug99 resistant lines have yield superiority over dominant local varieties. Activities and progress in seed multiplication using existing and new Ug99 resistant varieties are discussed. 相似文献
44.
Seyyedeh Masoumeh Hasheminia Jalal Jalali Sendi Khalil Talebi JahromiSaeid Moharramipour 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(3):244-249
The biological effects of two important medicinal plants, Artemisia annua L. and Achillea millefolium (L.) (viz, mortality, growth, and feeding indices as well as enzyme and non-enzymatic activities) were studied on small white Pieris rapae L a deleterious pest of cruciferous plants under controlled conditions (16:8 h L:D at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). The LC50 and LC25 values were 9.387% and 3.645% for A. annua L. and 4.19% and 1.69% for A. millefolium (L.), respectively. At the lowest concentration (0.625%), the deterrency was 29.826% and 44.185% for A. annua L. and A. millefolium (L.), respectively. Feeding indices were variously affected with changes in a number of parameters and an increase in larval and pupal duration. The activity level of alkaline phosphatase increased sharply while alanin and aspartate aminotransferases showed a sharp decrease. For non-enzymatic compounds, the amount of glucose and uric acid increased, but total protein and cholesterol decreased. These results indicate that these two medicinal plants might possess potential secondary metabolites that may be useful for controlling potential insect pests. 相似文献
45.
Sina Atashpaz Jalal Shayegh Mohammad Saied Hejazi 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(3):355-357
The gram-negative bacterium Pasteurella multocida constitutes a heterogeneous species associated with wide range of disease in many animals. Isolates are classified into five groups based on capsular antigen (capA, B, D, E and F). Recently, a new valuable PCR-based method was introduced to determine the epidemiological correlation between P. multocida infection and existence of virulence genes including tbpA, pfhA, toxA and hgbB. However, this method is tedious and laborious. Thus, in the current study, we designed a reliable multiplex PCR method for rapid detection of virulence genes in P. multocida. Eighty seven strains of P. multocida isolated from various clinically healthy and infected hosts were examined by uniplex PCR method for each virulence associated genes. Based on our improved and simplified multiplex PCR method, rapid detection of four virulence genes was accomplished. It is proposed that its implementation may benefit the epidemiological investigations. 相似文献
46.
Prashant Vikram Jorge Franco Juan Burgueo Huihui Li Deepmala Sehgal Carolina Saint‐Pierre Cynthia Ortiz Vaibhav Kumar Singh Clay Sneller Achla Sharma Maria Tattaris Carlos Guzman Javier Pena Carolina Paola Sansaloni Jaime Amador Campos Serna Karthikeyan Thiyagarajan Guillermo Fuentes Davila Matthew Reynolds Kai Sonder Velu Govindan Marc Ellis Sridhar Bhavani Mohammad R. Jalal Kamali Mozaffar Roosatei Sanjay Singh Daisy Basandrai Navtej Singh Bains Ashwani Basandrai Thomas Payne Jos Crossa Sukhwinder Singh 《Plant Breeding》2021,140(1):87-99
Iranian wheat landrace accessions (IWAs) were collected from country‐wide farm fields and market places in 1935 by a professor at the University of Tehran and shared with University of California at Davis, California. IWAs were further submitted to the genebank of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico. 2,403 IWAs from CIMMYT’s genebank were assayed by DArT‐seq technology to assess genetic diversity. No apparent ecogeographic patterns related to genetic diversity were detected, probably due to long‐term transport and frequent interchange of landraces among farmers. A multivariate clustering procedure combining genotypic and phenotypic information was used in selecting a core‐set, which represented 15% of the hexaploid wheat accessions included in this study. This subset captured an estimated 93% of rare (frequency <0.05) alleles. Multisite phenotypic data (India, Mexico) validated the ability of the core‐set in detecting useful variants. Potential donor accessions for multiple traits (disease resistance, zinc concentration) were identified from the core‐set for wheat‐breeding. This report illustrates a breeder friendly robust core‐set formulation strategy for harnessing the useful genetic variation stored in the genebanks. 相似文献
47.
48.
Md. Abu Hasan Jalal Uddin Ahmed Tofazzal Hossain Md. Abdul Khaleque Mian Md. Moynul Haque 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(1):69-74
To examine the effect of high temperature during seed development and maturation on seed quality of wheat, seeds of four heattolerant and two heat-sensitive wheat genotypes obtained normal and high temperature growing conditions were tested for quality. High parent plant growth temperature during seed development and maturation resulted in poor seed quality. The effect of parent plant growth temperature on seed germination and speed of germination was inconsistent between heat tolerant and heat-sensitive wheat genotypes. Seed vigor as indicated by seed density, conductivity of seed leachates, seedling dry weight, production of normal seedlings, seed reserve utilization efficiency, and seedling emergence were reduced in all wheat genotypes due to higher parent plant growth temperature but heat-sensitive wheat genotypes were affected more than the heat-tolerant genotypes. 相似文献
49.
50.
Two antagonistic yeasts, Candida membranaefaciens and Pichia guilliermondii, were evaluated for the control of the blue mold of apple caused by Penicillium expansum. Dual culture, cell-free metabolite and volatile tests were used for in vitro assay. Yeast strains of two genera inhibited growth of P. expansum; inhibition varied from 30.27% to 44.19% in dual culture, from 79.40% to 90.57% in the volatile metabolite test, and from
72.99% to 88.77% in the cell-free metabolite test. Calcium chloride (2% w/v) significantly inhibited the growth of the pathogen
P. expansum, but did not affect the colony-forming units (CFU) of the yeasts C. membranaefaciens and P. guilliermondii in potato dextrose broth. The concentration of yeast suspension influenced spore germination and germ tube growth of P. expansum in vitro, as well as disease incidence and lesion development in fruits. There were significant negative relationships between the
suspension concentrations of the yeasts and the growth as well as infectivity of the pathogen. The addition of calcium resulted
in lower spore germination rates and slower growth of germ tubes in vitro, as well as in lower disease incidences and smaller lesion diameters compared with treatments with yeast antagonists alone.
When yeast cell suspensions reached a concentration of 107 CFU ml-1, growth of the pathogen was completely limited in vitro, and no infection was found in apple fruits treated with or without calcium.
This article has been retracted because part of the data shown has already been published before, by different authors.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献