H5N2与H5N1禽流感油乳灭活疫苗免疫鹅群对H5N1流行株攻毒的保护效力及母源抗体对免疫效力的干扰

应用H5N2和H5N12种类型禽流感油乳灭活疫苗分别免疫鹅群,观察比较了二者对H5N1型高致病性禽流感病毒的攻毒保护效力。结果表明,在同等剂量免疫条件下,从发病率、死亡率和泄殖腔排毒规律3项指标综合评价来看,H5N1灭活苗水禽免疫组对高致病性禽流感H5N1流行株攻毒的保护效率较H5N2灭活苗理想,且水禽禽流感母源抗体对灭活苗免疫具有一定的干扰作用。     

Biomechanical Comparison of the Trocar Tip Point and the Hollow Ground Tip Point for Smooth External Skeletal Fixation Pins

Objective —To compare the insertional characteristics of external fixator pins with hollow ground (HG), modified HG, and trocar (T) points.
Study Design —An acute, in vitro biomechanical evaluation.
Sample Population—Thirteen radii from canine cadavers.
Methods —A total of 16 T-tipped and 16 HG-tipped pins were inserted into 8 canine radii. Ten pins of each modification of the HG tip (length of the cutting edge reduced by 0.127 mm and 0.254 mm, respectively) were inserted into another five radii. All pins were inserted with low-speed power drilling and 80 N drilling load. Differences between peak tip temperature, drilling energy, and pullout force were determined for each pin type at both diaphyseal and metaphyseal locations.
Results —HG-tipped pins showed a 40% lower tip temperature in diaphyseal bone, a 25% reduction in drilling energy in diaphyseal bone, and a reduction of pullout force in both diaphyseal (65%) and metaphyseal (50%) bone compared with T-tipped pins. HG 0.254-mm pins generated higher tip temperatures and had greater pullout than HG pins in diaphyseal bone.
Conclusions —The HG tip was a more efficient design; however, the reduction in pullout force suggests that, because a better hole was drilled, radial preload is reduced. Reduction of the cutting edge by 0.254 mm increased the pullout force but also increased the temperatures.
Clinical Relevance —Thermal and microstructural damage are reduced by the HG tip, but pin-bone interface stability is also compromised. The use of a tip with 0.254 mm reduction in the cutting edge may optimize the biological and mechanical factors at the pin-bone interface.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—ULTRASOUND-GUIDED ETHANOL SCLEROTHERAPY FOR A SIMPLE RENAL CYST

Solitary renal cysts are benign and in the majority of instances asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Nevertheless, treatment may be required if abdominal discomfort or pain, hypertension, infection or renal outflow obstruction occur. Under these circumstances, percutaneous management of the cyst is the easiest and fastest procedure, and no major complications are generally encountered. In this report we describe a patient with a solitary renal cyst treated successfully by a single injection of ethanol into the cyst. The sonographic appearance of the cyst changed from a well-defined hypoechoic structure to an ill-defined hyperechoic region. Canine renal cysts may be successfully managed in some instances by a single ethanol injection.     

移栽时间对日光温室有机基质盘栽韭菜生长和产量的影响

以4个韭菜品种为试材，采用日光温室有机基质盘栽的方法研究了移栽时间对韭菜生长和产量的影响。结果表明，适当提早或延迟移栽时间有利于促进日光温室有机基质盘栽韭菜株高、茎粗和产量的增加，11月24日移栽的韭菜生长最好，产量最高；随着移栽时间的延迟，韭菜新根数和新根长度均下降，韭菜叶宽逐渐增加，而叶片数变化较小。4个韭菜品种对不同移栽时间的响应关系与韭菜品种的休眠特性和根株贮藏养分的多少有关。与791、紫根红和新独根红相比，平韭2号生根较快、生长势较强、产量较高。     

东北三省水稻穗上不同部位碾磨及外观品质的比较研究

为明确中国东北地区水稻品种品质的特点,以2007年辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省水稻区域试验品种(品系)为试材,在栽培管理水平高、有代表性的沈阳、公主岭、五常区试点,对三省穗上不同部位碾磨及外观品质进行比较.结果表明,辽宁省品种糙米率和整精米率均居于三省之首;辽宁省品种精米率较高,略高于黑龙江和吉林,但三省之间差异不显著;粒长和长宽比呈现黑龙江>辽宁>吉林的趋势;吉林白度高于辽宁,显著高于黑龙江;垩白度和垩白率均为吉林略高于辽宁,二省均极显著高于黑龙江.     

多粘类芽胞杆菌分离鉴定及其对甘薯蔓割病的防治效果

【目的】筛选对甘薯蔓割病病原菌具有拮抗作用的芽胞杆菌,为甘薯蔓割病的生物防治提供菌种资源。【方法】通过平板对峙法从玉米根际土壤中筛选对甘薯蔓割病病原菌具有拮抗作用的芽胞杆菌;通过生物学特征和16S rDNA序列分析对拮抗菌株进行分类鉴定;通过盆栽试验进行拮抗菌株对甘薯蔓割病的防效试验,并检测拮抗菌株对甘薯叶片脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。【结果】从玉米根际土壤中分离获得1株乳白色且具有拮抗作用的芽胞杆菌,命名为HAAS05,通过16S rDNA鉴定及系统发育进化树比对分析,将HAAS05菌株鉴定为多粘类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。盆栽试验结果显示,HAAS05菌株对甘薯蔓割病有明显的拮抗效果;OD_{600 nm}=0.20和OD_{600 nm}=0.40的HAAS05菌悬液处理第10 d后,甘薯叶片中ABA含量较仅接种病原菌处理(201.94 ng/g)显著降低(P<0.05,下同),分别为52.29和107.10 ng/g,而GA含量较仅接种病原菌处理(7.05 ng/g)显著升高,分别为8.10和10.31 ng/g,甘薯叶片SOD活性和可溶性蛋白含量均较仅接种病原菌处理显著升高,而POD活性变化无明显规律。【结论】多粘类芽胞杆菌HAAS05菌株对甘薯蔓割病有较好的拮抗作用,具有一定的开发应用潜力。     

光周期对不同秋眠型苜蓿光敏色素和内源激素的影响简

 本试验研究了不同光周期对３种秋眠型苜蓿光敏色素和植物体内源激素含量的影响,为揭示苜蓿秋眠性的调控机理提供科学依据。试验采用ＦＱ-ＰＣＲＳＹＢＲ-ＧｒｅｅｎＩ方法,在人工气候室,以美国苜蓿秋眠级标准对照品种Ｎｏｒｓｅｍａｎ（ＦＤ_１,秋眠型苜蓿,秋眠１级）、Ｄｕｐｕｉｌｓ（ＦＤ_５,半秋眠型苜蓿,秋眠５级）和ＣＵＦ１０１（ＦＤ_９,非秋眠型苜蓿,秋眠９级）为材料,设计４个不同的日照长度梯度（７,１０,１３和１６ｈ／ｄ）,对其植株处理３５ｄ,测定叶片中光敏色素（PHYA 、PHYB）ｍＲＮＡ 表达量,采用（ＥＬＩＳＡ）试剂盒法测定内源激素生长素（ＩＡＡ）、脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）、玉米素核苷（ＺＲ）、赤霉酸（ＧＡ_３）的含量。结果表明,３种不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿PHYA 和PHYB 在短日照条件下合成量大,其中以Ｎｏｒｓｅｍａｎ表现最为明显。不同秋眠类型苜蓿叶片中的ＧＡ_３／ＡＢＡ、ＺＲ／ＡＢＡ和ＩＡＡ／ＡＢＡ均随着光照时间延长而增大;短日照条件下３种秋眠型苜蓿ＡＢＡ的合成量均为最大,ＧＡ_３的含量最低,生长严重受到抑制。可能PHYA 和PHYB 直接或间接影响了内源激素ＧＡ３、ＺＲ、ＩＡＡ、ＡＢＡ合成量,进而调控了苜蓿的秋眠。     

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits inflammatory responses induced by acute myocardial ischemia in isolated rat hearts

AIM：To investigate whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects the hearts against inflammatory responses induced by acute myocardial ischemia in isolated rat hearts. METHODS：Rat acute myocardial ischemia injury was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 4 h, and the normal perfusate was replaced with NaHS (5 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L) perfusate accordingly in NaHS groups 2 h after ischemia. The changes of cardiac function in the myocardial ischemic injury rats were observed. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and ICAM-1 was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the myocardial tissues was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS：The cardiac function in ischemia group was lower than that in sham group (P<0.01). Compared with ischemia group, perfusion of NaHS resulted in the improvement of the cardiac function (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with sham group, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and ICAM-1 in the cardiac tissues was significantly increased, and the mRNA expression of IL-10 in the cardiac tissues was significantly decreased in ischemia group (P<0.01). Compared with ischemia group, the perfusion of NaHS significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and ICAM-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The perfusion of NaHS at concentrations of 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-10 (P<0.01). The protein level of NF-κB in ischemia group was markedly higher than that in sham group (P<0.01). Compared with ischemia group, the perfusion of NaHS at concentrations of 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L significantly decreased the expression of NF-κB (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION：H2S protects the hearts against acute ischemia injury through inhibition of NF-κB activation and subsequent down-regulation of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory gene expression.     

枣园地面覆盖对土壤地温和红枣生长发育的影响

[目的]以南疆枣园生态系统为研究对象,研究不同地表覆盖模式对果园土壤温度和红枣生长发育的影响,寻找最优地表覆盖模式,为红枣高产优质生产提供参考.[方法]在翻耕覆膜、翻耕秸秆覆盖、翻耕裸地和免耕裸地条件下,对5年骏枣枣园的土壤温度、枣果生长发育、枣果生长动态、枣外观品质进行测量.[结果]0 ～25 cm土层土壤平均温度翻耕覆膜＞翻耕裸地＞免耕裸地＞翻耕秸秆覆盖.在生育期内,秸秆覆盖处理的综合生长量（二次枝长、二次枝粗）高于其他3个处理,促进枣树生长发育.不同覆盖处理措施中,秸秆覆盖下的枣品质最好,覆膜次之.[结论]综合考虑不同覆盖措施的效应,秸秆覆盖比较适宜新疆地区红枣生产中推广应用.     

低温处理对孜然种子发芽的影响

[目的]通过发芽试验探讨低温以及低温处理天数对孜然种子发芽的影响。[方法]设定1、5、10和15℃4种低温,各低温处理天数设定为2、5、8和11 d。发芽床为砂床。[结果]孜然种子发芽最适低温为5℃,最适低温处理天数为8 d,其发育指标均优于其他处理。[结论]该研究可为南疆地区孜然的播种和生产提供理论参考依据。