控释氮肥施用策略对稻茬小麦产量和氮肥吸收利用的影响

为探究控释氮肥施用策略对稻茬小麦产量和氮肥吸收利用的影响,在大田条件下,以小麦品种扬麦16和扬麦20为材料,设置不施氮（T1）、常规速效氮肥分次施用（T2,对照）、常规控释氮肥一次性基施（T3）、速效氮肥减量分次施用（T4）、控释氮肥减量一次性基施（T5）、控释+速效氮肥一次性基施（T6）、控释+速效氮肥配合分次施用（T7）共7种氮肥处理,比较分析了不同处理下稻茬小麦产量、叶面积指数（LAI）、叶绿素相对值（SPAD值）、干物质积累量、氮素积累量、根系吸收面积和根系氧化力等性状的差异。结果表明,两个品种的产量均表现为T6>T7>T3>T5>T2>T4>T1。与T2处理相比,两个品种的平均产量在T3、T6和T7处理下分别增加17.9%、30.3%和25.1%,平均氮肥农学效率（AE）分别增加40.0%、84.8%和72.4%,平均氮肥偏生产力（PFP）分别增加22.2%、52.3%和45.6%。与单一施用速效氮肥（T2、T4）或控释氮肥（T3、T5）处理相比,在控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施（T6、T7）处理下两个品种的地上部农艺性状（干物质积累量、LAI和SPAD值）显著改善,氮素积累量、根干重、根冠比、根系氧化力、根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积均显著增加。因此,控释氮肥配施速效氮肥策略可以同步促进稻茬小麦地上部与地下部生长,最终实现高产与氮肥高效吸收利用。     

北京密云县发展农业文化创意产业的研究

通过研究北京密云县发展农业文化创意产业的实践,提出密云县"‘科技-生态-文化-服务’四轮驱动"的农业文化创意产业模式。提高科技水平、加强生态文明建设和文化建设、促进资源聚集、开发可持续产业是发展农业文化创意产业的重要内容。     

云瑞系列甘蔗亲本的遗传力和配合力分析

[目的]对云瑞系列甘蔗亲本及组合的优劣进行评价,为加速云南甘蔗野生资源利用,提高种质创新水平,合理利用云瑞系列亲本选配杂交组合和甘蔗新品种提供参考.[方法]用28个云瑞系列亲本与36个国内外引进亲本进行杂交,获得65个杂交组合,采用家系试验评价方法,分析杂交后代主要性状的遗传力和配合力.[结果]母本、父本及组合对杂交后代株高、茎径、有效茎数和产量等性状的影响均达显著以上水平.母本、父本和组合对后代的遗传力贡献表现为组合（66.39％）＞母本（59.89％）＞父本（51.59％）,后代主要性状的遗传力大小顺序为有效茎数＞茎径＞锤度＞株高;母本对F1代的株高、茎径、有效茎数、锤度等性状的遗传力贡献分别为51.28％、65.63％、68.95％、53.71％,父本的贡献分别为19.72％、66.42％ 、78.13％、42.07％.云瑞系列亲本用作父本时产量和锤度的一般配合力高于用作母本的一般配合力.根据特殊配合力的大小和作用方向,可将28个云瑞系列亲本及衍生的65个组合分为高产高糖类、高产类、高糖类及表现较差不适宜用作品种选育等4种类型.[结论]云瑞系列亲本与其他系列亲本杂交时适合用作父本,而不适合用作母本;筛选出的高产高糖类、高产类、高糖类云瑞系列优良亲本及组合具有一定的育种潜力.     

增密条件下Cabrio和Opera对夏玉米植株发育及产量的影响

以郑单958、浚单20为试验材料,设定60 000株/hm²、75 000株/hm²两个密度,研究夏玉米产量与产量构成因素、干物质生产、叶面积指数发展动态、光合作用等,探讨喷施Cabrio和Opera试剂对夏玉米植株发育及产量的影响。结果表明,喷施药剂Cabrio和Opera后玉米产量增加,浚单20较对照分别增产6.7%和4.0%;郑单958较对照分别增产5.3%和4.2%。喷施药剂Cabrio和Opera的处理生育后期下部叶片衰老缓慢,吐丝期至成熟期LAI下降幅度较小,单株干物重和单位面积干物质积累增强,光合性能增强,光合速率提高。     

Multi-Temporal Detection of Rice Phenological Stages Using Canopy Spectrum

Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-held radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated from spectrum, and the slope of NDVI was obtained as its difference. We evaluated the response of NDVI and its slope to rice growth with a comparison of two late-season rice cultivars. The results showed that NDVI and its slope curves had distinct variation corresponding to rice development and they could be used as cultivar-independent phenological indicators. The dates of flooding and transplanting, tillering, panicle development, heading and flowering, maturity, harvest stages, and even field management practices, could be deduced from these indicators. ‘NDVI ≤ 0' could be used as a single threshold for the detection of flooding and transplanting. The largest spike in the curve of the NDVI slope indicated the duration of tillering stage. The next spike corresponded to panicle development. The heading and flowering stage was characterized by the maximum NDVI and the change of NDVI slope from positive to negative. At the maturity stage, NDVI decreased continuously, and its slope fluctuated just below zero. When rice grains were completely mature and ready for harvest, NDVI decline was accelerated. At harvest, NDVI slope reached its minimum value. The distinction between heading and maturity stages was obscure, most likely due to NDVI saturation at high biomass. The study might provide references for paddy rice phenology determination through remote sensing images.     

Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrH9020a Transferred from Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng on Wheat Chromosome 6D

Stripe rust （yellow rust）, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. H9020-1-6-8-3 is a translocation line originally developed from interspeciifc hybridization between wheat line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and is resistant to most Pst races in China. To identify the resistance gene（s） in the translocation line, H9020-1-6-8-3 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were tested with prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR32 under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that there is a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH9020a, conferring resistance to CYR32. The resistance gene was mapped by the F2 population from Mingxian 169/H9020-1-6-8-3. It was linked to six microsatellite markers, including Xbarc196, Xbarc202, Xbarc96, Xgpw4372, Xbarc21, and Xgdm141, lfanked by Xbarc96 and Xbarc202 with at 4.5 and 8.3 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal locations of these markers and the test of Chinese Spring （CS） nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the gene was assigned to chromosome 6D. According to the origin and the chromosomal location, YrH9020a might be a new resistance gene to stripe rust. The lfanking markers linked to YrH9020a could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.     

微波预处理水浸取茶籽油后茶粕中皂素的提取研究

以微波预处理水浸取茶籽油后的茶粕为原料,采用超声波—乙醇法,通过因素分析及正交试验,研究皂素的提取并获得了最佳工艺,为微波预处理水浸取茶籽油技术应用延伸提供理论依据,提升该技术的应用价值。     

基于K60的多协议防碰撞RFID读卡器设计

提出了一种能够识别ISO／IEC14443A、ISO／IEC14443B和ISO／IEC15693三种协议标签的RFID读卡器构件化设计方案,同时针对多标签冲突情况实现了协议中给出的防碰撞算法．结果表明,该方案提高了软硬件的可重用性和可移植性,缩短了开发周期．     

川西獐牙菜的化学成分及药理研究进展

川西獐牙菜是龙胆科獐牙菜属的一种药用植物,是藏药中最具特色的治疗热症、肝胆病及血液病的常用药物。本文综述川西獐牙菜的化学成分、药理作用研究进展,以期为深入研究开发该植物提供科学依据。     

小麦–华山新麦草异代换系DH2322的分子细胞遗传学鉴定

利用分子标记、细胞学、基因组原位杂交(GISH)等技术,结合田间农艺性状调查,对小麦–华山新麦草七倍体材料H8911与硬粒小麦D4286杂交F4代分离群体中株系DH2322进行了综合鉴定。华山新麦草基因组特异SCAR标记鉴定表明,DH2322含有华山新麦草遗传物质;细胞遗传学观察显示,DH2322染色体构型为2n=42=21 II;有丝分裂和花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I基因组原位杂交(GISH)鉴定表明,DH2322的染色体由40条小麦染色体和2条华山新麦草Ns染色体构成,且2条Ns染色体能完全配对为一个二价体;SSR和STS分子标记分析表明,DH2322缺失小麦D基因组的2D染色体,而含有华山新麦草的2Ns染色体;农艺性状分析结果表明,DH2322具有双亲的形态学特征,结实性好,穗长和穗粒数显著大于亲本。